Nonspecific Defense
What is a pathogen?
an agent of disease
the cells and tissues that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body
immune system
a substance required by the body for energy, growth, repair, and maintenance
nutrient
What are the 2 types of digestion?
Saliva is a part of _________________________ digestion.*Chewing is a part of ________________________ digestion.*
chemical and mechanical
large white blood cells that attack pathogen infected cells (not the pathogen itself).
Natural Killer Cell NKC
Who invented some postulates to identify a specific pathogen in a subject?
Robert Koch
a gland located above the heart that helps produce a special lymphocyte
thymus
what are the 5 basic food groups?
grains, milk, meat & beans, veggies, fruits
_____________ is an organ that stores bile.
gallbladder
are naturally occurring inorganic substances that help with most functions of the body
Name 4
minerals
__________ are epithelial tissues that protect the interior surfaces of the body that may be exposed to pathogens.
largest lymphatic organ in the body
spleen
What are the 6 basic nutrients?
carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, minerals, lipids, water
___________ is an organ that produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.*
& What is the name of the disease that is an issue with the production of insulin that regulates the blood sugar levels?
pancreas & diabetes
amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree Celsius.
calorie
_______________is a substance that increases blood flow to the injured area and increases the permeability of surrounding capillaries
histamine
________________ is any substance that the immune system can recognize and react with. ___________ is a protein that is a special shape that fits only a matching specific antigen.
antigen & receptor
3 nutrients needed by body in the greatest amounts
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
is an organ that stores glycogen, makes proteins, breaks down toxic substances, and secretes bile.*
liver
What are the 2 types of lymphocytes & what do their names stand for & why?
B & T cells
B = Bone because the cell finishes its development in the bone
T = Thymus because the cell finishes its development in thymus
most abundant type of white blood cell in the body
neutrophil
What is the difference btw. a macrophage, a cytotoxic T Cell, a plasma cell, and a memory cell
_____________are broken down (into energy) in aerobic respiration to provide most of the body’s energy
__________major structural and functional material of body cells
____________organic compounds that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water.
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Absorption of nutrients occurs in these 2 organs the _____________ &_________________. Which one is longer and how many feet is it?
small & large intestine
small is 21ft long
What is the name of a simple sugar?
How about 2 simple sugars combined?
What about more than 2?
monosaccharide
disaccharide
polysaccharide