Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Homeostasis
Random Fun Facts (not on test)
100
What pigment is produced in the epidermis and what is its function?
Melanin -- it absorbs sunlight, protecting the skin from UV rays
100
What protein is found in bone?
Collagen
100
Which is more significant for building muscle, supplementary protein intake, or strength training?
Strength Training
100
What is homeostasis?
The body’s ability to maintain a relatively stableinternal environment while adjusting to changing external conditions
100
Name a muscle pair (two muscle groups) that work together for a specific movement.
biceps and triceps
quadriceps and hamstrings
deltoids and trapezius
200
Which layer of the skin is where tattoo ink gets injected, and why must the the ink be injected to this specific layer?
Dermis
Dermis cells divide slowly, whereas epidermal cells divide and get replaced rapidly
200
What structures are part of the axial skeleton, and what structures are part of the appendicular skeleton?
Axial - Skull, Vertebrae, Rib Cage
Appendicular - Arms, Legs, Pelvis/Hips
200
Do muscles grow by producing more muscle cells, or by enlarging existing muscle cells?
Enlarging existing cells (hypertrophy)
200
Name one example of a negative feedback loop.
body temperature regulation or blood sugar regulation
200
Name two parts of the body where cartilage is found.
Nose
Ears
Joints
300
What is found in the hypodermis and what is its primary function?
Fat tissue
Insulation/protection of inner organs
300
What type of cells build bone and what type of cells break down/cut bone?
OsteoBlasts Build bone
OsteoClasts Cut down bone
300
What are the two proteins found in muscles that are important for muscle contraction?
Actin and Myosin
300
Are most feedback loops in the body positive feedback loops or negative feedback loops?
A feedback loop is when the product or output of a reaction is used for the organism's response to that reaction.
Negative feedback loops.
300
A third degree burn has reached what layer of the skin?
The hypodermis (third layer)
400
What are the three types of touch sensations?
Pain, Pressure, Temperature
400
Give one example of each of the joint types listed:
- immovable joint
- slightly movable joint
- hinge joint
- pivot joint
- saddle joint
- ball & socket
- immovable joint -- skull bones
- slightly movable joint -- vertebrae
- hinge joint -- knee, elbow, jaw
- pivot joint -- head and neck, ankle
- saddle joint -- thumb
- ball & socket -- shoulder, hip
400
Identify whether the muscle tissue slides are skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscle.
Where is each type found in the body?
Is control of these muscles voluntary or involuntary?
a) skeletal, attached to bones, voluntary
b) smooth, lining organs of the digestive & respiratory system, involuntary
c) cardiac, walls of the heart, involuntary
400
When you exercise, what two body systems work together to maintain homeostasis of body temperature? What happens to your blood vessels during this process?
Integumentary and Muscular System
Muscles produce heat, then blood vessels in the skin dilate to release excess heat through sweat glands.
400
What is the name of the disorder in which melanocytes die or stop functioning, causing patchy loss of skin color?
Vitiligo
500
What protein is found in the epidermis?
What proteins are found in the dermis?
What is the function of each protein?
Epidermis - Keratin (protection/waterproof)
Dermis - Collagen (strength/firmness) and Elastin (elasticity)
500
1. Which part of bone is strong and made of densely packed collagen?
2. What part of bone has pores and contains bone marrow in it?
3. What do red and yellow bone marrow produce?
1. Compact bone
2. Spongy bone
3. Red bone marrow is responsible for red and white blood cell production. Yellow bone marrow stores fat.
500
What is the word that describes when muscle tissue has decreased in mass/tone?
Muscle Atrophy
500
Give an example of a feedback loop. Explain how it starts (what stimulates the body), how the body reacts, and if the output of the reaction amplifies or inhibits the reaction.
Examples include:
- blood clotting
- childbirth
- temperature regulation
- blood sugar regulation
500
Where are the smallest bones in the body located?
In the ear!
