Skeletal
What is the main function of the skeletal system?
The skeletal system provides structural support, protection for internal organs, facilitates movement, and serves as a storage site for minerals like calcium and phosphorus.
Define voluntary and involuntary muscles
Voluntary Muscles: Muscles under conscious control (e.g., skeletal muscles).
Involuntary Muscles: Muscles not under conscious control (e.g., smooth muscles in organs, cardiac muscle in the heart).
Identify the major organs of the respiratory system
Lungs, Trachea, Bronchi, Diaphragm.
Describe the functions of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Brain: Coordinates sensory information, thoughts, and actions.
Spinal Cord: Transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
Nerves: Transmit signals throughout the body.
List the organs involved in the digestive system.
Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Liver, Pancreas.
How many bones are in the adult human body?
206
How do muscles work in pairs to facilitate movement?
Muscles often work in pairs (agonist and antagonist) to produce movement. When one contracts, the other relaxes.
Explain the process of breathing, including inhalation and exhalation.
Inhalation: Diaphragm contracts, chest cavity expands, and air is drawn into the lungs.
Exhalation: Diaphragm relaxes, chest cavity decreases in size, and air is expelled.
What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses (gaps between nerve cells), facilitating communication in the nervous system.
Describe the functions of the stomach.
Stomach: Digestion of food with gastric juices.
Name three functions of bones in the human body.
a. Support and Structure: Bones provide a framework for the body, supporting and maintaining its shape.
b. Protection: Bones protect vital organs. For example, the skull protects the brain, and the ribcage protects the heart and lungs.
c. Movement: Bones, along with muscles and joints, enable movement by acting as levers.
Give examples of each type of muscle: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
Skeletal Muscle: Attached to bones, responsible for voluntary movement.
Smooth Muscle: Found in walls of internal organs, involuntarily controls processes like digestion.
Cardiac Muscle: Forms the heart, responsible for involuntary rhythmic contractions.
What is the main function of the heart?
The heart pumps blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste products.
Explain the role of the kidneys in filtering blood.
Filter blood: Remove waste and excess substances.
Produce urine: Concentrated waste products.
How does the digestive system extract nutrients from food?
The digestive system extracts nutrients through the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, followed by absorption in the small intestine.
Explain the difference between joints, ligaments, and cartilage.
Joints: Points of articulation between bones where movement occurs.
Ligaments: Connective tissue that connects bone to bone, providing stability to joints.
Cartilage: A flexible connective tissue that covers the ends of bones at joints, reducing friction and allowing smooth movement.
What role does the muscular system play in maintaining posture?
The muscular system plays a crucial role in maintaining posture by providing support and stability to the body.
Differentiate between arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart.
Capillaries: Tiny vessels where nutrient and gas exchange occurs.
How does the urinary system help maintain water and electrolyte balance?
The urinary system regulates water and electrolyte balance by controlling the excretion or retention of substances by the kidneys.
Describe the functions of the small and large instestine.
Small Intestine: Absorption of nutrients.
Large Intestine: Absorption of water and formation of feces.
What is the role of marrow in bones?
Red marrow is responsible for the production of blood cells.
Yellow marrow consists mainly of fat cells and serves as a storage area for fat.
What is the role of tendons in the muscular system?
Answers will vary!
How does blood contribute to the transport of nutrients and oxygen?
Blood transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues, nutrients from the digestive system to cells, and waste products to eliminate organs.
How does the nervous system interact with the muscular system during movement?
The nervous system controls muscle contraction. Motor neurons transmit signals from the nervous system to muscles, leading to movement.
What is the importance of enzymes in digestion?
Enzymes facilitate the chemical breakdown of food, aiding in digestion and nutrient absorption.