Chemistry of Life
The outer energy level of a carbon atom could hold up to ___electrons
8
Small structures that make up much of the cytoplasm are called
Organelles
Name the four types of tissue
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
The largest organ system that makes up about 16% of the body has 5 skin appendages.....name them
Hair
Nails
Sense receptors
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
Study of the occurrence, distribution, and transmission of disease in humans
Epidemiology
The class of pigments called ___________ is produced by cells in the basal layer called ___________
Melanin
Melanocytes
Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, often gases
Diffusion
Name the bond that forms when atoms share their electrons
Covalent bond
Rough endoplasmic reticulum gets it’s name from ribosomes that produce
Proteins
Name five types of connective tissue
Fibrous
Bone
Cartilage
Blood
Hematopoietic
The system that communicates between body organs, integrates and controls body functions, and recognizes sensory stimuli
Nervous system
Diseases with undetermined causes are called
Idiopathic
The term ____________ is used to describe a condition characterized by patchy looking areas of light skin resulting from loss of melanocytes
Vitiligo
Movement of water and small solute particles through a membrane from area of high pressure to area of low pressure
Filtration
Bases are the same as ________ compounds
Alkaline
______________ is another kind of organelle found in all cells except _____________ and are know as the "power plants" of the cell
Mitochondria
Red Blood Cells
What is the function of bone tissue?
Support and protection
Give 4 examples of functions regulated by the endocrine system
Growth
Metabolism
Reproduction
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Name and define 3 patterns of disease and location of each
Endemic--native to local region ex: Tennessee
Epidemic--defined geographic region ex: North America
Pandemic--spread throughout the world ex: Global
A sudden loss of a patch of hair appearing as a bald spot
Alopecia areata
Passive movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane where the solute can not cross; solute exerts pulling force because of size
Osmosis
_____are compounds that produce an excess of H+ ions
Acids
Cell suicide
Apoptosis
What produces body heat?
Muscle tissue contractions
The body is constantly trying to achieve balance know as
Homeostasis
Two most obvious strategies for stopping disease
Prevention and therapy
A skin lesion that is a thin walled blister filled with fluid smaller than 1 cm is ____________; a blister larger than 1 cm is ___________
Vesicle
Bulla
Movement of a substance through a cell membrane against the concentration gradient from lower to higher is called ____________ and requires ________
Active transport process
ATP for energy
Name the 4 major types of organic compounds found in the body
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Name three of the major types of extensions that help the cell to move and absorb substances
Microvilli
Cilia
Flagella
Name 3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
The function of the lymphatic and immune systems include
Phagocytosis of bacteria
Chemical reactions that provide protection from harmful agents
Name an RNA-containing retrovirus
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Using the Rule of Nines, estimate the body surface area burned for this victim:
Anterior trunk
Groin
Face
Anterior right leg
Anterior trunk 18%
Groin 1%
Face 4.5%
Anterior right leg 9% Total=32.5%
An active transport mechanism used to incorporate fluids or dissolved substances into cells by trapping them in a pocket that pinches off inside the cell
Pinocytosis from Greek word meaning to "drink"
Lipid molecules found by a glycerol "head" joined to three fatty acid "tails"
Triglycerides
A dense region of nuclear material that is critical in protein formation because it is where the cell forms ribosomes
Nucleolus
Thick scars that form in the lower layer of the skin in predisposed individuals
Keloid
Name the (7) accessory organs of the digestive system
Teeth
Salivary glands
Tongue
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Appendix
Name the pathogenic bacteria that causes Anthrax
Gram-positive Bacillus (rods)
Name the depth classification of a burn that is characterized by deep destruction of the epidermis and dermis.
Identify 3 serious problems of this burn
Full thickness burn
Pain soon after the burn due to swelling and inflammation
Fluid and electrolyte loss
Great risk of infection
The process of dividing replicated DNA of the nucleus in an orderly way so that each offspring have a complete identical set
Mitosis