Skeletal & Muscular
This system provides structure, protection, and allows movement.
Skeletal system
The main function of the circulatory system is to transport blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and ____ throughout the body.
Waste (or “waste products”)
The first stage of the digestive system is this process where food is broken into smaller pieces by the teeth.
Chewing.
The nervous system controls and coordinates body activities by sending ____ throughout the body.
Signals
The largest organ in the integumentary system is the _____.
Skin.
The place where a muscle attaches to a bone and pulls to create movement is called the ____.
Tendon (tendon connects muscle to bone)
Which organ is the primary muscle that pumps blood through the circulatory system?
Heart
Which organ absorbs most nutrients from digested food?
Small Intestine
Name the two main divisions of the nervous system.
Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
List two functions of the integumentary system besides covering and protecting the body.
Examples: helps regulate body temperature (sweating, blood vessel changes); sensory detection (touch); prevents water loss.
Explain how the skeletal and muscular systems work together to create movement (answer in one clear sentence).
Muscles contract and pull on bones at joints, producing movement.
Which three structures are part of the respiratory system? (Name any three.)
Lungs, trachea, diaphragm (also bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli)
The excretory system removes waste and maintains water balance. Name two organs involved in this system.
Kidneys and bladder (also ureters, urethra)
Which system produces hormones that regulate body activities?
Name one physical barrier and one internal immune response that protect the body from infection.
Physical barrier: skin
Internal immune response: inflammation or white blood cell activity (specific immune response).
Name two important functions of the skeletal system besides supporting movement.
Protect internal organs (e.g., skull protects brain); produce blood cells in bone marrow; store minerals like calcium.
The number of chambers in the human heart.
4 chambers (left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, left ventricle)
Explain the difference between digestion (digestive system) and excretion (excretory system) in one sentence.
Digestion breaks down food to absorb nutrients; excretion removes body wastes and maintains water balance.
Compare the nervous and endocrine systems: give one way they are similar and one way they are different (brief).
Similar: both coordinate body activities
Different: nervous system uses quick signals (fast, short-term), endocrine uses hormones in blood (slower, longer-lasting).
When body temperature rises, blood vessels near the skin surface ________.
Dilate.
Where are red blood cells produced?
Bone Marrow
Describe how the circulatory and respiratory systems work together to deliver oxygen to body cells (one or two sentences).
The respiratory system brings oxygen into the walls of the lungs, oxygen passes into the blood via the walls of the lungs, and the circulatory system carries the newly oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
How long does food typically stay in your stomach after you eat?
4 hours.
Explain how the nervous system can cause the bladder to empty (relate signals to muscle action) in one or two sentences.
The nervous system sends signals from the brain/spinal cord to the bladder muscles to contract and relax, allowing urine to be released.
What would happen if the integumentary system stopped working properly? Give two possible consequences.
Consequences: increased risk of infection, loss of water and dehydration, trouble regulating body temperature, no U.V. protection.