Circulatory
This protein in red blood cells binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues.
What is hemoglobin?
Enzymes (amylase) in saliva begin the chemical breakdown of this macronutrient.
What are carbohydrates (or starches)?
The process of gas exchange where oxygen enters blood and carbon dioxide leaves.
What is diffusion (or external respiration)?
The gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released.
What is a synapse?
Muscles work in these pairs where one contracts while the other relaxes.
What are antagonistic pairs?
The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out to the body and lungs.
What are the ventricles?
This organ stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver.
What is the gallbladder?
Branching tubes inside the lungs that end in alveoli.
What are bronchioles?
This division of the nervous system controls involuntary actions like heart rate.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
Striated, involuntary muscle found only in the heart.
What is cardiac muscle?
Blood returns to the heart through these vessels that have valves to prevent backflow.
What are veins?
Finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.
What are villi?
This gas, a waste product of cellular respiration, is exhaled from the lungs.
What is carbon dioxide?
Bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous system.
What are nerves?
This protein interaction causes muscle contraction by sliding filaments.
What are actin and myosin?
The circulatory system works with this system to deliver oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide.
What is the respiratory system?
Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contraction that moves food through this system.
What is the digestive system (or tract)?
The respiratory system regulates blood pH by controlling levels of this gas.
What is carbon dioxide?
Reflex arcs bypass the brain for faster responses, involving these three neuron types in sequence: sensory, interneuron, motor.
What are sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron?
Tendons connect muscle to this tissue for movement.
What is bone?
This circuit carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and deoxygenated blood back.
What is systemic circulation?
This accessory organ produces enzymes like lipase, amylase, and protease to break down fats, carbs, and proteins.
What is the pancreas?
Surfactant in alveoli reduces this force to prevent collapse during exhalation.
What is surface tension?
This supportive cell type in the central nervous system forms myelin sheaths around axons.
What are oligodendrocytes?
This ion's release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum triggers muscle contraction.
What is calcium?