Memory
This type of memory is implicit, involving learned skills and habits
What is procedural memory?
The removal of an aversive stimulus to increase behavior is called this.
What is negative reinforcement?
This bias occurs when someone searches only for information supporting their hypothesis.
What is confirmation bias?
The "social rules" of language are called this.
What are pragmatics?
Dichotic listening and shadowing tasks are used to study this.
What is auditory selective attention?
A vivid memory for an emotionally charged event, such as a national tragedy.
What is flashbulb memory?
Rapid acquisition of taste aversion demonstrates this evolutionary principle.
What is biological preparedness?
Mental rotation tasks rely on this component of working memory.
What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
This condition, where one creates nonsensical sentences, is often due to Wernicke's aphasia.
What is Wernicke's aphasia?
The inability to focus on one stimulus while ignoring distractions is known as this.
What is inattentional blindness?
Mnemonic techniques like acronyms or loci fall under this strategy to enhance memory.
What is encoding?
Ivan Pavlov discovered this phenomenon while studying dog digestion.
What is classical conditioning?
The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of two events co-occurring is this fallacy.
What is the conjunction fallacy?
The phonological loop is primarily involved in processing this kind of information.
What is auditory information?
A coat hanger only seen as a clothes tool exemplifies this cognitive limitation.
What is functional fixedness?
Difficulty remembering old information due to newly learned material illustrates this.
What is retroactive interference?
The process of pairing voluntary behaviors with consequences is this.
What is operant conditioning?
Organized units of knowledge that help interpret information are called these.
What are schemas?
This term describes the brain's innate mechanism to detect and learn the rules of language.
What is the language acquisition device?
The tendency to revert to an established mental pattern or strategy is called this.
What is persistence of set?
Damage to the hippocampus often results in this inability to form new memories.
What is anterograde amnesia?
The tendency for a response to a specific stimulus to occur in response to similar stimuli. (Hint: Little Albert and all white, fuzzy things)
What is stimulus generalization?
Activating related nodes in semantic memory illustrates this process.
What is spreading activation?
The smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning is called this.
What is a phoneme?
Selective inattention to parts of the visual field, often after brain damage, is this.
What is unilateral visual neglect?