Parenting and Attachment
x is the close bond with a caregiver from which the infant derives a sense of security.
What is attachment.
X are specifically the thoughts and beliefs we hold about different social categories.
What is stereotype.
Stage 3 of Freud's Psychosexual Theory of Development.
What is Phallic stage.
a structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord.
What is the placenta.
This type of research looks at the same group of people over time.
What is longitudinal research.
He development the concept of attachment theory.
Who is John Bowlby.
X is the negative feelings we hold towards someone because they are a member of a group that we hold negative stereotypes about.
occurs when they can almost perform a task, but not quite on their own without assistance. With the right kind of teaching, however, they can accomplish it successfully.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development.
are environmental factors that can contribute to birth defects, and include some maternal diseases, pollutants, drugs and alcohol.
What is Teratogens.
During this stage of labor the cervix or opening to the uterus dilates to 10 centimeters or just under 4 inches. This may take around 12-16 hours for first children or about 6-9 hours for women who have previously given birth. It takes one woman in 9 over 24 hours to dilate completely.
What is the first stage of labor.
A parenting style that is low demand, high responsiveness.
What is permissive parenting style.
The difference between gender and sex.
sex (which is the chromosomal makeup that identifies people as biologically male or female) and gender (which are the characteristics of males and females ascribed by a given culture).
Difference between stages vs. continuous development.
Stage theories assume that developmental change often occurs in distinct stages that are qualitatively different from each other, and in a set, universal sequence. Continuous development is gradual process.
After five days of mitosis, there are x cells.
What is 100 cells.
Researchers investigate how 2 variables are naturally related to each other. What type of research design is this?
Correlational Research Designs.
A child with an x attachment style will avoid or ignore the mother, showing little emotion when the mother departs or returns. The child may run away from the mother when she approaches. The child will not explore very much, regardless of who is there, and the stranger will not be treated much differently from the mother.
What is insecure-avoidant attachment style.
The two main social influences on how children learn about gender.
parents and media
Describe stage 4: Inferiority vs. Industry of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development.
Children begin to compare themselves with their peers to see how they measure up. They either develop a sense of pride and accomplishment in their schoolwork, sports, social activities, and family life, or they feel inferior and inadequate because they feel that they don’t measure up. If children do not learn to get along with others or have negative experiences at home or with peers, an inferiority complex might develop into adolescence and adulthood.
cell, containing the combined genetic information from both parents, is referred to as
What is a zygote.
After Week 9, the organism is no longer an embryo, but is known as a
What is a fetus.
Harry and Margaret Harlow investigated the responses of young monkeys to test if nursing was the most important factor to attachment. What were the results?
The results showed that the infant monkeys went to the wire mother for food, but they overwhelmingly preferred and spent significantly more time with the warm terry-cloth mother. The warm terry-cloth mother provided no food but did provide comfort (Harlow, 1958).
The difference between implicit and explicit bias.
Explicit biases are the ones we would admit to and are consciously aware of. Implicit biases are formed unconsciously but can still influence our behavior
The infant combines these basic reflexes and uses planning and coordination to achieve a specific goal. (Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development)
What is Substage 4 Coordination of secondary circular reactions (8-12 months).
When babies are first born, they are assessed for any potential difficulties. There are two main assessments:
the APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) and the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). The APGAR is given at 1 minute after birth and again at 5 minutes after birth. The NBAS can be used between 3 days and 4 weeks old.
Difference between primary and secondary sexual characteristics.
Primary sexual characteristics are changes in the reproductive organs. Secondary sexual characteristics are visible physical changes not directly linked to reproduction, but signal sexual maturity.