1
neurodevelopmental disorder that includes symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and deficits in executive functions
What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
learning disability that involves difficulties in math
What is dyscalculia
effect that describes the significant increases of scores on intelligence tests over time
What is the Flynn effect
description of an individual’s ability to adapt to the world around them
what is intelligence
knowledge about how we think and learn and how we use that awareness to become better thinkers and learners
what is metacognition
approach to teaching reading that combines elements of the phonics-based and whole language approaches
What is balanced literacy approach
learning disability that involves difficulties in writing
what is dysgraphia
general cognitive factor that underlies multiple cognitive skills
what is general intelligence factor (g)
score used to quantify human intelligence
what is intelligence quotient (IQ)
awareness of the qualities of language, allowing individuals to think about and evaluate language
what is metalinguistic awareness
third stage of Piaget’s theory on cognitive development during which children begin to understand basic cognitive principles and concepts such as cause and effect, relationships, size, and distance
What is concrete operational thinking
learning disability that involves difficulties in reading
What is dyslexia
variation in intelligence marked by cognitive flexibility, cognitive performance, specific ability areas, and an IQ above 130, may be referred to by other terms
what is giftedness
condition that impacts learning in a specific academic area
what is learning disability
understanding of how memory works
what is metamemory
idea that students play an active role in acquiring knowledge by constructing it through experience, rather than just passively receiving information
What is constructivism
child who has one or more of a variety of special learning needs
What is exceptional learner
written plan that spells out the specific educational goals and services that have been individualized for a student with a disability
what is individualized education program (IEP)
principle that states that all children with a disability should receive general education in an environment that is as similar as possible to the one for children without disabilities
what is least-restrictive environment
approach to teaching language that teaches children to translate letters into sounds and to combine individual sounds to form words
what is phonics approach
existing knowledge that individuals have developed during their life through education and experience
What is crystallized intelligence
ability to use logic and to solve problems in new ways
What is fluid intelligence
disability that consists of limits in intellectual functioning, often indicated by an IQ score less than 70 and challenges in adaptive functioning
what is intellectual disability
age at which a person is performing based on an intelligence test
what is mental age
individual’s confidence in their ability to successfully solve a problem or complete a task
what is self-efficacy