Infancy
Piaget's cognitive stage at this age; babies utilize their senses and movement to learn about their environment. An example of this might be a baby shaking a rattle, hearing the noise, and shaking it again.
Sensorimotor stage
Children during this stage move from jumping, to hopping on one foot, to running fluidly. Name the type of motor skills referenced here.
Gross motor skills
Matthew sorts his cars from the darkest to the lightest in color; when picking teams for basketball, he always chooses from tallest to shortest. He is also able to notice which homework takes the longest amount of time and which goes the most quickly. Name this term for sorting things along a dimension.
Seriation
Jessie finds herself forgetting things that she used to know, engages in risky behaviors without thinking about consequences, and also considers what she wants to do in her future. These could all be due to the development of this part of her brain.
The idea that it is "taking longer" to become and adult, decide on a career, buy a home, find a spouse, and have children can be labeled as...
emerging adulthood
A 10-month-old grasping their mother's necklace, turning pages on a board book, and holding a spoon. These all demonstrate early development of this kind of motor skill.
fine motor skill
Yelena wets the bet each night after she goes to sleep. Name the term for this, also name the ages that this commonly happens.
Enuresis, 3-5
Margaret focuses on her video game while tuning out her mother calling for her to complete her chores. This could be do to a physical change in the brain where there is an increase in the amount of this fatty substance.
myelin
Alissa experiences a breakup and believes that "no one understands." She listens to a story of her friend getting caught sneaking out and says, "there is no way that would ever happen to me." Alissa believes her experience is unique and special. Give a name to Alissa's belief.
personal fable
Heidi finds herself hopping from relationship to relationship. She has a difficult time committing. When a relationship starts to get serious, she gets scared because she has been hurt in the past. Name the crisis that Heidi is experiencing according to Erikson.
Intimacy versus isolation
Jamal's mother responds when he cries. She soothes him and offers consistent comfort. She consistently responds to his emotional needs. Hailey's mother ignores her cries and tells her to be quiet. She believes that she is just trying to get attention. These contrasting scenarios reflect Erikson's stage of infancy.
Trust versus Mistrust
egocentrism
testosterone and estrogen
Cara would describe herself as having "street smarts". Name Sternberg's term for this.
contextual intelligence
A mother responds sometimes with doting care and other times with intense and angry emotions. Their child is uncertain about what response they are going to receive. As a result, the child wants their mother and tries to pull close, but also pushes away at the same time. This represents which of Bowlby's attachment styles.
Ambivalent Attachment
Simon and Justin are friends. They play with trucks next to each other, without playing together. This type of play involves playing together without coordinating play.
parallel play
In Piaget's conservation task, a child in concrete operational stage can look at the height and width of a glass to determine which has more liquid. This names which of Piaget's ideas.
decentering
Jax's friend cheats on an assignment. The teacher finds the cheat sheet and confronts the class. Jax knows what his friend did, knows cheating is wrong, but also considers that he could lose a friend. He knows that his friend is cheating to keep his grades up to play sports. Listening to Jax's reasoning, he might be in this stage of Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning.
Postconventional
Carmen is a Christian and believes in Christian values. She understands that others might not think the same way as she does and can listen to their perspective. She knows their perspectives have value, but still believes that Christianity is best for everyone. Name Carmen's level of reflective thinking.
multiplicity
An eighteen-month-old takes a stick and bangs it on the ground, then hits their parent's car, then hits a tree. This labels Piaget's substage of sensorimotor development called...
tertiary circular reactions
Erik is struggling trying to button the buttons on his shirt. His mother encourages him until he gets to the point of frustration; then she gently guides his hand through buttoning his shirt. From Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development, this mother provided what for the child.
scaffolding
Kelly keeps her feelings to herself rather than expressing them. Often, she finds that her feelings build up until she feels like she is about to burst. Freddy explodes as soon as he feels angry. Someone says something means and he yells or gets physically aggressive. These opposite terms describe how children exposed to family conflict might express their emotions.
internalizing and externalizing
David has known since he was five that he wants to go into the Army. He does not explore any other options for career. Lila constantly changes her major and takes personality tests to figure out which career is best for her. She has a hard time committing to just one idea. Name Marcia's identity status for David and Lila.
foreclosure and moratorium
Eleanor is often described as quiet, dependable, and slightly anxious. Gregory is active, stubborn, and impulsive. Name the typology of Eleanor and Gregory
overcontrolled and undercontrolled