Physical Development
What is the name of the rod-shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs?
What are Chromosomes?
Piaget believed that children acquired knowledge through these processes
What are assimilation, accommodation and equilibration?
Describe the three main types of attachment styles
•Secure attachment pattern use mother as the type of home base that Bowlby described; seem at ease in the Strange Situation as long as their mothers are present; explore independently, returning to her occasionally. Although they may or may not appear upset when she leaves, securely attached children immediately go to her when she returns and seek contact.
•Avoidant attachment pattern do not seek proximity to the mother, and after she has left, they typically do not seem distressed; seem to avoid her when she returns. It is as if they are indifferent to her behavior.
•Ambivalent attachment pattern, display a combination of positive and negative reactions to their mothers. Initially, ambivalent children are in such close contact with the mother that they hardly explore their environment. They appear anxious even before the mother leaves, and when she does leave, they show great distress. But upon her return, they show ambivalent reactions, seeking to be close to her but also hitting and kicking, apparently in anger.
Research indicates that stress can produce indirect health-related behaviors such as
decreased compliance with medical advice.
increased delays in seeking medical care.
decreased likelihood of seeking medical advice
Name 2 ways Gender socialization occurs at home
assignment of chores/tasks in home
conversations with different gendered children
reactions to accomplishments
What is the name of the period from 2 to 8 weeks following fertilization during which significant growth occurs in the major organs and body systems?
What is the embryonic stage?
According to Piaget, the pre-operational stage is marked by these attributes
centration, egocentric thought, conservation, theory of mind
Describe the pattern of emotional regulation across the lifespan
infants experiences basic emotions, start to recognize emotions in others, use social references to gauge how to behave.
preschoolers start to learn to control and regulate their emotions but still have ups and down
middle childhood- fairly happy time with stable emotions
adolesence- emotions are very volatile and more negative than before
adulthood- emotional regulation improves the rest of lifespan with shift toward positive memories
When a person attempts to control stress by using conscious regulation of emotions, this is known as
emotion focused coping
Males•Tend to be viewed as less attractive; social life may be affected; lower self-esteem
•As adults may possess assertiveness and insightfulness; more creatively playful
Females :Overlooked in dating; low social status
•By 10th grade body acceptance higher than early maturers and more likely to fit “thin is best” standard
Aging that involves universal and irreversible changes that, due to genetic programming, occur as people get older is called
What is primary aging
By the age of two, most children can use two-word sentences and __________ speech where non-critical words of a sentence are left out.
telegraphic
What is temperament?
Patterns of arousal and emotionality that are consistent and enduring characteristics of an individual.
A condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and thin, often brought about by a lack of calcium in the diet, is called
osteoporosis
Homogamy is
tendency to marry someone who is similar in age, race, education, religion, and other basic demographic characteristics
dominant standard for most marriages in U.S.
importance of homogamy is declining, particularly among certain ethnic groups.
When does the greatest increase in height and weight occur?
The first year of life
According to ___________, quantitative changes in an infant’s abilities to organize and manipulate information represent the hallmarks of cognitive development.
information processing theory
What are Eriksons stages of psychosocial development in adulthood?
Identity-versus-identity confusion stage (18-22 yrs)
Intimacy-versus-isolation stage (22-40 yrs)
Generativity versus stagnation stage (40-65 yrs)
Ego-integrity versus despair stage (65+ yrs)
A diagnosis of death based on the cessation of all signs of brain activity, as measured by electrical brain waves, is called
brain death
How do friendships change across the lifespan?
preschool based on companionship, play, shared activities
middle childhood
•Provide emotional support and help handle stress
marked by gender segreation- boys lots of friends, girls a few "best" friends
adolescence- more mixed relationships, status, cliques and groups, more racial segregated
Adults- based on trust, respect, proximity, homogamy, emotional support
How does brain size and cognitive function change across middle and late adulthood?
Brain size and cognitive function decline. Senescence is the result of primary aging and includes presbycusis and prescbyopia
Researcher Gisela Labouvie-Vief promoted _________, and Piaget believed in __________.
post-formal thought; formal operations
What are the five traits in the Five Factor Trait theory of personality?
–O = openness
–C = conscientiousness
–E = Extraversion
–A = agreeableness
–N = neuroticism
Bereavement is ________ while grief is_________
What are some family dynamics that occur during adulthood
boomer-range children, parenting, divorce, single-parent homes, blended families, sandwich generation, becoming grandparents, multi-generational families,