Chemical Toxins
increase the risk of cancer
Carcinogen?
theory that states infectious diseases are the result of bacteria and viruses that replicate inside our bodies
germ theory
chemicals that inhibit the growth of or destroy bacteria
antibiotics
mg/kg
Asbestos causes mesothelioma, cancer of lining of the lungs
Carcinogen
Damage DNA with cells, increasing the frequency of mutations
mutagens
Why did plague doctors wear the beaked masks? What was in the beaks?
protect from poisonous gas
Herbs and flowers
What are antibiotics commonly made from?
Fungi, eg. penicillin
lowest does that elicits symptoms (response) in experimental population
Threshold dose
Lead contaminated water can result in cognitive loss, convulsions, or death
neurotoxin
harmless but trigger an immune response in some people
Allergens
Name a sanitation change that came with germ theory being accepted
▸Drinking water was better separated from sewage outlets.
▸Tiled bathrooms instead of wood and carpeting.
▸Porcelain flush toilets.
▸Covering and refrigerating foods.
▸Screens on windows.
Sterilization of surgical tools
Single celled eukaryotic parasite that needs both humans and mosquitos to complete its life cycle
Malaria
Dose at which half of the experimental population dies
LD50
Radon is radioactive gas that can enter home from underground. (two problems)
mutagen, carcinogen
Disrupt functions of the brain, spinal cord, or senses
neurotoxins
What was the importance of Louis Pasteur's famous experiment where he used a swan neck flask.
bacteria did not spontaneously generate or travel in gas clouds
When a disease is new to human species or suddenly increases and has: high transmission rate, high mortality rate, and usually viral
emergent disease
What is the LD50 for the green line? (see slides)
~2
Alcohol can cause birth defects
teratogen
Mimic or block the function of chemical messengers in the body
hormone disruptors
Prior to Germ theory, people believed that poisonous clouds of mist traveled around making people sick. This theory translates to "bad air"
Miasma Theory
DDT is a persistent pesticide that was used to control mosquito population. The problem was it bio-______________ in aquatic animals and then bio-_____________ into predatory birds, killing them
bioaccumulated, biomagnified
What is the threshold dose for the green line. (see slides)
~.02
Atrazine is weed killer that induces the feminization of frogs
Hormone disruptor