Structure and Function of the Human Body
Transfers
Transfers pt. 2
ROM Measurements
Goniometer
100
Why is it essential for OT professionals to understand the structure and function of the human body in relation to kinesiology? Give 1 example of how it supports rehabilitation practices.
- Kinesiology, the study of human movement, is essential for understanding how muscles, bones, and joints work together to facilitate movement. This knowledge helps therapists assess movement patterns and identify dysfunctions that may interfere with a person’s ability to perform daily tasks.
- For example, kinesiology principles help therapists design exercises that target specific muscles to improve strength, coordination, and functional mobility for clients recovering from surgery or injury.
100
What physical client factor increases the clients ability to complete slide board transfers with increased independence?
Upper body strength
100
COTA is setting up the environment to complete a stand pivot transfer with David. When setting up the room where should you place the wheelchair and at what angle?
- Place the wheelchair next to the bed for easy reach after patient is sitting EOB
- Wheelchair should be angled 30-45 degrees
100
The COTA is completing an ADL session with Peggy. Peggy is completing UB dressing, LB dressing, toileting, and bathing with SBA. SBA was required during the ADLs d/t decreased safety awareness and impulsive transfers when standing for tasks. AE was not used during the therapy session for ADLs. How would you document her AROM during this session?
- AROM WFL
100
What does a goniometer measure and why do you need to test both sides of the body instead of the impaired side?
- Goniometer measures the range of motion (or angle) in joints
- It is important to measure both sides of the body to obtain the clients "normal" and to ensure functional use of both sides of body.
200
Why is it essential for OT professionals to understand the structure and function of the human body in relation to biological and physical sciences? Give 1 example of how it supports rehabilitation practices.
-Allows OT professionals to comprehend the body's anatomy, physiology, and the
functions of its various systems (e.g., cardiovascular, musculoskeletal,
respiratory). This knowledge is crucial for assessing clients' health conditions and developing appropriate interventions.
-The physical sciences, such as physics, provide insight into the forces that affect movement, including gravity, torque, and energy transfer.
-For example, understanding how weight-bearing affects joint stability is key when designing rehabilitation strategies for patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
200
COTA is working with Jenny on IADL activity of meal prep in the kitchen. Jenny is completing functional mobility towards the fridge with her walker when she losses her balance and begins to fall. What do you do to respond to her loss of balance?
Continue to hold onto gait belt and complete an assisted fall to the floor.
Complete safety assessment on floor, call for further assistance for medical needs or to lift Jenny off of floor
200
Jasmine recently had a stroke and at your clinic for therapy services. You are assisting Jasmine with a stand pivot transfer from the wheelchair>toilet. Jasmine has demonstrated L knee buckling in the past. What are the proper body mechanics when completing this transfer and how would you prevent her knee from buckling?
- Keep back straight, knees bent, one foot forward, maintain good balance, use rocking to gain momentum for transfer
-For knee buckling block patients knees with your knees to provide support during transfer
-Always use the gait belt and keep hands on patient
-Ensure wheelchair is in appropriate position to toilet to prevent over twisting
200
Stanley has been going to outpatient therapy to work on increasing his functional reach with his RUE. The COTA took AROM measurements for shoulder flexion, resulting in 124 degrees. Is this measurement WFL or WNL? What is the difference and why is it important? Why is it important to know joint ranges?
120 degrees of shoulder flexion is WFL.
WFL indicates they can still complete daily activities but are short of the "normal range" for joint ROM.
Individuals demonstrating ROM WFL could demonstrate deficits with activities requiring increased ROM, or could demonstrate compensatory strategies to achieve those difficult activities.
Its important to know joint ranges because it allows you to assess full movement potential of a joint and identify if there are limitation that could inhibit functional activities.
200
Label the parts of a goniometer
300
Why is it essential for OT professionals to understand the structure and function of the human body in relation to biomechanics? Give 1 example of how it supports rehabilitation practices.
- Biomechanics applies the principles of physics to the movement of the body. Understanding biomechanics is vital for analyzing how forces like
gravity, momentum, and mechanical advantage influence human movement. This is crucial for injury prevention and developing effective
rehabilitation strategies.
- For example, knowledge of biomechanics can help an occupational therapist teach a client how to use proper body mechanics during daily activities (e.g., lifting, bending) to reduce the risk of injury or strain on joints and muscles, particularly in individuals with conditions like arthritis.
300
You are assisting Beau with a slide board transfer from bed>wheelchair to complete oral hygiene activities at the sink. Beau is not wearing undergarments prior to the transfer. What are ways you can reduce friction during the slide board transfer?
- Apply a pillow case onto the slide board
- Have the patient don briefs or pants
- Chuck pad between patient and slide board
300
On evaluation the patient required x3 persons to complete a stand pivot transfer from bed>wheelchair. The patient was listed as dependent for functional transfers out of bed. What transfer would be appropriate for transferring the patient back to bed?
- Hoyer, or mechanical lift
300
Describe different normal end-feels when completing ROM and give an example of each.
Soft End-feel- full ROM but is restricted by natural build that includes muscle, feels like soft compress, painless.
Ex: Elbow flexion (soft end-feel d/t biceps)
Firm End-feel- elastic resistance feel, muscular stretch, slight give towards the end of ROM
Ex: Hip flexion with the knee straight (tension of hamstring muscles)
Hard End-feel- full ROM, bone on bone contact, painless
Ex: Elbow extension
300
Why is it important to perform PROM to the end range of the joint?
- Allows you to assess the joints full ROM/limitations, allows you to determine the end feel of the joint, identify restrictions of movement
400
Why is it essential for OT professionals to understand the structure and function of the human body in relation to neurosciences? Give 1 example of how it supports rehabilitation practices.
- Neuroscience is fundamental to occupational therapy because it helps professionals understand how the brain and nervous system control movement. The central nervous system (CNS) coordinates motor skills and sensory feedback, which are vital for performing daily activities.
- For example, understanding how brain injuries (e.g., stroke or traumatic brain injury) affect motor control and sensory perception helps therapists create customized rehabilitation plans that address deficits in motor planning or sensory integration.
400
Belle recently had a L CVA and is set for discharge home in 2 days. Is it important that you practice transfers to both sides or just her strong side? Why?
- Yes, it is important to practice transfers to both sides.
- It is important because Belle will need to transfer to both sides in her home setting depending on home set up.
400
Your patient is completing functional mobility from the bed to the bathroom with a walker. The patient normally requires SPV for functional mobility but earlier in the day had multiple LOB during there physical therapy session. What level of assistance should you provide to your patient at all times?
- CGA
- Provide CGA at all times unless patient is MOD I or IND
400
COTA is completing PROM measurements for Hellen. Hellen reports pain when completing shoulder horizontal abduction. How should you respond to pain during PROM and what other clues can indicate pain in a patient experiencing pain during this task?
- Stop the movement if pain is exhibited or reported
- Pain can be shown by the patient grimacing, pushing your hand away, and resisting movement
400
What is the purpose of PROM and joint distraction?
-PROM provides information regarding integrity of joint surface, extensibility
of joint capsule, ligaments, muscles, fascia, and skin. PROM compared to AROM shows the amount of motion permitted in the joint.
- Joint Distraction is used to stretch tendons and ligaments to increase PROM
500
What is the correct sequence of a transfer? (Hint 4 steps)
1. Patient safety
2. Clinician Safety
3. Placement of W/C
4. Performance of transfer
500
You are assisting with a stand pivot transfer from the wheelchair to the bathroom, but there is no way to remove the arm rest on the wheelchair. How would you safely complete this transfer?
- Place wheelchair in optimal position to avoid the patient from hitting the arm rest
- Ensure you completely stand the patient to avoid hitting the arm rest
- Have the patient push off the arm rests to increase momentum for transfer
500
The COTA is completing ROM on Suzie Q for her progress report. Previously Suzie Q demonstrated impaired ROM for wrist extension, ulnar deviation, and shoulder abduction. Where would you place the goniometer to measure her ROM?
- Wrist Extension
A-styloid process of the radius with the forearm resting
S-Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the radius.
M-Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second metacarpal.
-Ulnar Deviation
A- dorsal aspect of the wrist in line with the base of the third metacarpal
S-On the dorsal surface of the forearm along the midline.
M-Along the midline of the third metacarpal.
-Shoulder Abduction
A-posterior surface of the glenohumeral joint.
S-Along the lateral trunk, parallel to the spine.
M-Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the humerus.