Psychological Egoism
The author who tells us about the Ring of Gyges myth.
Who is Plato
The name of the theory that states we 'ought' to act in a selfish manner.
What is Ethical Egoism
The name of the 18th century Scottish Philosopher who promotes psychological egoism from a descriptive basis.
Who is David Hume
The idea that we have no fixed nature other than the one we create.
What is "existence precedes essence".
The name of the document that begins "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal..."
What is the U.S. Declaration of Independence.
The name of the negative default position of humanity (before civil society) according to Thomas Hobbes.
What is 'the state of nature'.
The name of the ancient Greek philosopher who opposes this view.
Who is Socrates (or Plato)
The idea that one 'ought' to act in the interest of others
What is ethical altruism
Inauthenticity.
What is "bad faith"
The crazy mustachioed dude. (Founder of modern anthropology)
Who is Franz Boas.
The name of the powerful state that protects us from the dangers of our own egoism according to Hobbes.
What is 'the Leviathan'.
The author of the phrase "do unto others as you would have done to you"
The name of the modern sociobiologist who refutes altruism, claiming instead the existence of a 'selfish gene'.
Who is Richard Dawkins
The existential 'feeling' we get when we realize the world is meaningless.
What is 'nausea'
The theory that "civilization is not something absolute … our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as civilization goes.”
What is Cultural Relativism
According to Karl Popper, this is the main problem with the theory of Psychological egoism.
What is the principle of falsification (the theory cannot be falsified).
The author who says 'do not do to others what you do not like done to you' (sometimes this is called the ‘Silver Rule’).
Confucius
According to Hume, there are no objective moral facts, just these.
What is sentiment (or feeling)
The raw facts of life we have no choice over.
What is 'facticity'.
John Locke's idea that all humans have the same basic nature and thus are equal.
What is "Natural Rights"
Self-interest doesn't have to be selfish. As expressed in the saying "do unto others as you would have done to you". What is this saying called?
What is "the Golden Rule".
Socrates' interlocuters in the Republic who claim there is no compelling reason to act justly. (name either one)
Who are Thrasymachus and Glaucon
The name of the book in which Peter Singer describes cave men escaping from a dangerous beast.
What is "The Expanding Circle"?
The name of the amazing woman Sartre stole a lot of his most famous ideas from (and cheated on).
Who is Simone de Beauvoir
The Greek word for 'man' (human)
anthropos