Purpose of mass and balance considerations
The stall speed of an aircraft is highest when gross mass is _____ and CG is ______?
High gross mass and forward CG
TOM - traffic load =
Operating mass
Where are CG limitations found?
Aircraft flight manual (AFM)
Simplified, scaled down value of a moment is called....
Index
Where are passenger baggage usually stored?
(bulk cargo, containers or pelletized cargo)
Containers
What effect does the CG on the aft limit have on the fuel consumption and endurance of an airplane?
Fuel consumption decreases and endurance increases
An aircraft is carrying 12 passengers and the total number of passenger seats is 19. What mass must be used for the passengers baggage?
Actual mass
Which axis is the CG normally computed along? (Vertical, lateral, longitudinal or horizontal)
Longitudinal
"Moment divided by 100" is an example of....
moment index
Rush bags, last minute baggage and cabin crew baggage is held in/on:
Bulk cargo
Is flat spin more likely to happen to a stable or unstable aircraft?
Unstable
What is our most limiting mass for takeoff, given the following information?
MZFM: 39 000kg
PLLAM: 43 000kg
MLAM : 40 000kg
MTOM : 47 000kg
PLTOM : 45 000kg
Takeoff fuel : 4000kg
Trip fuel : 2000kg
42 000kg
What is the formula for moment?
Force x arm
What is the CG position formula for ballast?
Mass original x shift = load of ballast x distance between the compartment and the new CG
MxS=LxD
What is the formula for area load?
kg = kg/m² x m²
At what CG position is degradation or loss of nose wheel steering likely to be encountered?
Too far aft
What does the basic empty mass consist of?
(4 items)
Empty mass
Unusable fuel
Safety equipments
Non fuel based liquids (i.e. oil, hydraulic fluids)
The distance from the datum to the center of gravity of a mass is called....
Moment arm or balance arm
Current CG position : 2.7 aft of the datum
Actual takeoff mass : 6630kg
Calculate the mass that must be moved aft by a distance of 2.8m, in order to move the current CG to 2.8m aft of the datum.
237kg
Calculate the smallest required floor contact area of a box with a mass of 105kg, if the maximum floor load is 600kg/m²?
0.175m²
Forward CG limit: 8% MAC
Aft CG limit : 64% MAC
Actual CG position : 10% MAC
What is the effect on stall speed and range compared to a more neutral CG position?
Stall speed increases, Range Decreases
What additional traffic load could the crew accept for takeoff, given the following information?
Dry operating mass : 12 445lb
Traffic load : 241 lb
Fuel loaded : 5000lb
Trip fuel : 3000lb
Taxi fuel : 100lb
Max takeoff mass : 18 386lb
800lb
MAC: 3.08m
LEMAC: 14.72m aft of datum
Calculate the CG position in % MAC when the CG is located 16.13m aft of the datum.
45,78%
The actual mass of an airplane is 1950lb, it's CG is located 2.15 aft of the datum. An additional mass of 450 lb is loaded 1.75m aft of the datum. Calculate its new CG position.
2.075m
Pallet: 1.4m x 1.4m
Max running load: 2 015 lb/m
Find the maximum allowed mass which can be loaded on the pallet without exceeding the maximum running load
2821lb