Stages
High birth rates and high death rates is this stage in the demographic transition model. Disease, war, famine and very low NIR.
What is stage 1?
An increase in this social factor, especially for women can lead to a lower total fertility rate (TFR).
What is education?
A country with a TFR of less than 2 is considered to be in this stage of development.
What is developed? Stage 4?
This model has 5 stages of population growth over time. It tracks CBR - CDR to find NIR.
What is the Demographic Transition Model?
Tracks and record changes in population based on mortality. This model also has 5 stages.
What is the Epidemiological Transition Model?
The imaginary lines which can be used to determine absolute location on a map. Measured in degrees.
1. Measure North & South of the equator
2. Measure West & East of the Prime Meridian
What are latitude & longitude?
In this stage of the DTM women enter the workforce. Economies shift from rural to urban environments lessens need for children reducing the birth rate. Moderate NIR growth.
What is stage 3?
This NIR would lead to a population doubling in about 58 years.
What is 1.2%?
Lifestyle, education and economics have led to a decrease in this measure. It tracks the average number of children a women in her child bearing years will have. Low in developed countries; high in developing or undeveloped countries.
What is the Total Fertility Rate?
In this stage there is a high crude birth rate, and a high death rate and yet a low population. Low NRI is also a feature in this stationary low growth stage.
What is stage 1 in the DTM?
Pestilence and famine; infectious and parasitic diseases, crop failures, and animal attacks are part of this stage. High CDR.
What is stage 1 pestilence and famine?
This theory suggests that climate, landforms and sources of water are the factors which define human culture and society.
Industrial revolution leads to better technology which improves food production. Increase in life expectancy and falling death rates increases the NIR. Crude birth rates are still high in this stage.
What is stage 2?
China, for example discouraged and implemented the One child policy to control population growth. This is an example of what government policy in regards to having children.
What is anti-natalist policies?
A European country which has a higher CDR than CBR and as a result experiencing negative growth.
What is Germany?
This stage experiences a low CBR as women delay, or do not have children; advanced economies & industrialization increase wealth and access to advanced medical technology which have positive life expectancy; An aging population however places stress on services and resources. NIR is near or at zero, which indicate population stability in this stationary /low growth stage.
What is stage 4 of DTM?
Increased deaths in heart attacks, strokes, and cancer
Decreased death related to infectious diseases
Despite this, this stage still has longer life expectancy, and lower death rates.
What is stage 3? Degenerative and Man-made diseases?
Human-environmental interactions are limited due to distance between places. As distance increases (friction of distance) interaction between those places decreases and is known as this in human geography.
What is distance decay.
In this stage women delay having children as they seek educational and career opportunities. Zero or negative natural rate of increase.
What is stage 4?
A policy in which the government encourages its citizens to have children.
What is pro-natalist policies?
High Total fertility rate such as 5 is an indicator this region or area is this. Has low economic output/productivity, few resources and limited education and opportunities particularly for women.
What is developing countries? What is less developed countries? What is stage 3?
In this stage the shift from agriculture to industrial mechanization and subsequent advances leads to an increase in food production and resources which lead to higher birth rates; A decrease in the CDR and IMR are also results of improved sanitation/medicine/ and related technology. Population, and NIR skyrocket as CBR remain high.
What is stage 2 in the DTM?
Advances in medicine recede pandemics and lower CDR, better nutrition and advances in medicine decrease life expectancy.
What is stage 2 Receding Pandemics?
What 3 sources of technology are used by geographers for spatial analysis, location and direction, and observing geospatial patterns from drones, aerial photography and satellites.
What is Geographic Information Systems, Global Positioning Systems and Remote Sensing?
In this stage the increased use of contraceptives and couples not having children makes birthrates fall below death rates; high death rates due to urbanization and antibiotic resistant bacteria and new deadly viral diseases.
What is stage 5?
In order to replace our parents in a population this replacement level of fertility must be met.
What is Total Fertility Rate of 2.1?
Low in developed countries. Access to healthcare for women, improved technology and medicine during childbirth have led to a decrease in this measure.
What is infant mortality rate?
In this stage of the DTM a falling crude birth rates due to a societal and economic change lead to a lower crude birth rate as death rates are also low, a result of NIR growth is rapidly growing in this late expanding stage.
What is stage 3 in the DTM?
Reduced use of tobacco, large medical advances makes life expectancy at its highest during this stage. Issues include sedentary lifestyles and poor diets in this late stage of the ETM.
What is stage 4 delayed degenerative diseases?