Demographics
Changes in population are due to these 3 things. Influenced by environmental, economic, cultural and political factors.
What are fertility, mortality and immigration?
An increase in this social factor, especially for women can lead to a lower total fertility rate (TFR). In other words, this factor leads to women having fewer children.
What is education?
A country with a TFR of less than 2 is considered to be in this stage of development.
What is developed? Stage 4?
This model has 5 stages of population growth over time. It tracks CBR - CDR to find NIR.
What is the Demographic Transition Model?
Tracks and record changes in population based on mortality is this model which has 5 stages.
What is the Epidemiological Transition Model?
The imaginary lines which can be used to determine absolute location on a map. Measured in degrees.
1. Measure North & South of the equator
2. Measure West & East of the Prime Meridian
What are latitude & longitude?
The total number of live babies out of 1,000 births in a given area / nation is called this.
What is Crude Birth Rate?
This NIR would lead to a population doubling in about 58 years.
What is 1.2%?
Lifestyle, education and economics have led to a decrease in this measure. It tracks the average number of children a women in her child bearing years will have. Low in developed countries; high in developing or undeveloped countries.
What is the Total Fertility Rate?
In this stage there is a high crude birth rate, and a high death rate and yet a low population. Low NRI is also a feature in this stationary low growth stage.
What is stage 1 in the DTM?
Pestilence and famine; infectious and parasitic diseases, crop failures, and animal attacks are part of this stage. High CDR.
What is stage 1 pestilence and famine?
This theory suggests that climate, landforms and sources of water are the factors which define human culture and society.
These 2 methods are used to determine the health of an area by measuring mortality in a given area.
- deaths per 1,000
- child deaths under the age of 1 per 1,000
What are the Crude Death Rate & Infant mortality rate?
What is anti-natalist policies?
A European country which has a higher CDR than CBR and as a result experiencing negative growth.
What is Germany?
This stage experiences a low CBR as women delay, or do not have children; advanced economies & industrialization increase wealth and access to advanced medical technology which have positive life expectancy; An aging population however places stress on services and resources. NIR is near or at zero, which indicate population stability in this stationary /low growth stage.
What is stage 4 of DTM?
Increased deaths in heart attacks, strokes, and cancer
Decreased death related to infectious diseases
Despite this this stage still has longer life expectancy, and lower death rates.
What is stage 3 Degenerative and Man-made diseases?
Human-environmental interactions are limited due to distance between places. As distance increases (friction of distance) interaction between those places decreases and is known as this in human geography.
What is distance decay.
Not including immigration, or emigration, the percentage by which a population grows in one year. Only births and death are considered in this measure not migration.
What is Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) or Natural Increase Rate (NIR)?
A policy in which the government encourages its citizens to have children.
What is pro-natalist policies?
High Total fertility rate such as 5 is an indicator this region or area is this. Has low economic output/productivity, few resources and limited education and opportunities particularly for women.
What is developing countries? What is less developed countries? What is stage 3?
In this stage the shift from agriculture to industrial mechanization and subsequent advances leads to an increase in food production and resources which lead to higher birth rates; A decrease in the CDR and IMR are also results of improved sanitation/medicine/ and related technology. Population, and NIR skyrocket as CBR remain high.
What is stage 2 in the DTM?
Advances in medicine recede pandemics and lower CDR, better nutrition and advances in medicine decrease life expectancy.
What is stage 2 Receding Pandemics?
What 3 sources of technology are used by geographers for spatial analysis, location and direction, and observing geospatial patterns from drones, aerial photography and satellites.
What is Geographic Information Systems, Global Positioning Systems and Remote Sensing?
A total fertility rate of 5 indicates a country which is this in terms of economics, opportunities and availability and allocation of resources.
What is a developing country? Less developed?
This is the replacement level of fertility.
What is Total Fertility Rate of 2.1?
Low in developed countries. Access to healthcare for women, improved technology and medicine during childbirth have led to a decrease in this measure.
What is infant mortality rate?
In this stage of the DTM a falling crude birth rates due to a societal and economic change lead to a lower crude birth rate as death rates are also low, a result of NIR growth is rapidly growing in this late expanding stage.
What is stage 3 in the DTM?
Reduced use of tobacco, large medical advances makes life expectancy at its highest during this stage. Issues include sedentary lifestyles and poor diets in this late stage of the ETM.
What is stage 4 delayed degenerative diseases?