What is assumption?
This theory supports actions that produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
Utilitarian Theory
This Philippine law punishes genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity while promoting peace, justice, equality, and human dignity.
Republic Act no. 9851
What Republic Act defines the rights of persons arrested, detained, or under custodial investigation and provides penalties for violations?
Republic Act No. 7438
What right ensures that children receive nutritious food, clean water, clothing, shelter, and medical care?
The Right to Have Basic Needs Met.
Police officers entered a house with the owner's permission to investigate a noise complaint. While inside, they accidentally noticed illegal drugs lying openly on the dining table.
Which exception to the warrant requirement applies?
Search of Evidence in Plain View.
This approach teaches that human rights come from a law higher than the state and are considered God-given.
Religious (Theological) Approach
Murder, torture, enslavement, rape, and enforced disappearance become this crime when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against civilians.
Crimes Against Humanity
Under RA 7438, what right must always be provided to a person under custodial investigation?
The right to be assisted by counsel.
Which right allows children to express opinions and have their views considered in matters affecting them?
The Right to Express One’s Views.
A city ordinance prohibits only left-handed individuals from applying for government jobs, claiming they are less efficient. Which constitutional principle is directly violated?
Equal Protection of the Laws (Section 1).
According to this theory, rights exist because they are created and recognized by the laws of the state.
Positivist Theoy
. This international court, headquartered in The Hague with 18 judges, prosecutes individuals for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes of aggression.
International Criminal Court (ICC)
What are the rights that an arresting officer must explain to a person under investigation in a language they understand?
Miranda Rights
What right protects children from neglect, cruelty, exploitation, child labor, and abuse?Answer: The Right to Protection Against Exploitation and Abuse.
The Right to Protection Against Exploitation and Abuse.
A police officer arrests a man because he has been standing outside a jewelry store for two hours and "looks suspicious." The man has committed no overt act.
Was the warrantless arrest valid? Explain
No. A warrantless arrest under in flagrante delicto requires an overt act indicating that a crime is being committed, attempted, or has just been committed. Mere suspicion is insufficient.
This theory explains that human rights develop through customs, traditions, and social evolution over time
Historical Theory
During an armed conflict, soldiers intentionally attack a hospital that is not being used for military purposes. This international crime has been committed.
War Crimes
Why is an extrajudicial confession considered inadmissible if it is not written and signed in the presence of counsel?
Because RA 7438 requires that it must be made with the assistance of counsel to protect the person’s constitutional rights.
A child grows up in a loving household where values, morals, and guidance are taught. Which right is being fulfilled?
The Right to a Wholesome Family Life.
A frightened 15-year-old student silently nodded when police officers asked to search his backpack while surrounded by several armed officers.
Would this search likely be considered valid?
No. The consent is questionable because the individual is a minor, may have been intimidated, and mere nodding does not constitute clear and voluntary consent.
According to the Theory of Justice, these two principles must always be respected by governments to promote general welfare.
equality and human dignity
The deliberate killing of members of a religious group with the intent to eliminate that group is classified under this crime.
Genocide
Under RA 7438, who may visit or confer with a person under custodial investigation aside from family members and lawyers?
Medical doctors, priests/religious ministers, or accredited national non-governmental organizations recognized by the Commission on Human Rights.
Which right recognizes that children should grow up in a world promoting tolerance, respect, and peace among people?
The Right to be Raised in an Atmosphere of Peace and Understanding.
A person is charged with an offense punishable by reclusion perpetua, and the evidence of guilt is strong. He applies for bail.
Should the court grant his application?
No. Bail is generally not available to persons charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when the evidence of guilt is strong.