Human Rights Terminology
This term describes basic freedoms and protections that every person is entitled to.
What are human rights?
This 1948 document outlines fundamental human rights for all people.
What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?
This 1951 treaty protects people fleeing persecution.
What is the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees?
The first step a country takes to indicate intent to be bound by a treaty.
What is signing a treaty?
A treaty involving more than two countries.
What is a multilateral treaty?
A formal agreement between countries that is legally binding under international law.
What is a treaty?
The UDHR is considered this type of document, meaning it is not legally binding.
What is a declaration?
This treaty expanded the 1951 Refugee Convention to apply globally.
What is the 1967 Refugee Protocol?
After signing, this step makes the treaty legally binding for a country.
What is ratification?
A treaty involving just two nations.
What is a bilateral treaty?
The process by which a country formally accepts a treaty as legally binding.
What is ratification?
This covenant focuses on freedoms such as speech, religion, and political participation.
What is the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)?
This 1966 convention prohibits racial discrimination.
What is the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)?
This is how Australia gives effect to treaty obligations domestically.
What is passing legislation?
A nation that has signed but not yet ratified a treaty is called this.
What is a signatory?
This term refers to the authority of a state to govern itself without external interference.
What is sovereignty?
This covenant guarantees rights related to work, education, and health.
What is the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)?
This 1979 treaty promotes equality and protects women from discrimination.
What is the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)?
The federal government often passes laws under this section of the Constitution to give treaties force.
What is the external affairs power (Section 51(xxix))?
This type of agreement may influence state behaviour but is not legally binding.
What is a declaration?
A formal public inquiry established by the government to investigate serious matters.
What is a royal commission?
Together, the UDHR, ICCPR, and ICESCR make up this collective name.
What is the International Bill of Human Rights?
This 1991 convention protects the civil, political, economic, and cultural rights of minors.
What is the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)?
This type of parliamentary report often examines Australia's compliance with international law.
What is a Joint Standing Committee report?
These legally binding agreements are often developed under the United Nations framework.
What are conventions?