Global Governance
Ultimate law-making power of a nation-state and its independence frome external interference
State sovereignty
Conventions forming core of international humanitarian law
Geneva conventions
Australian system that means treaties need to be incorporated by legislation
Dualist system
Chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, this 1948 document contains 30 articles and serves as the foundation for modern human rights law
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
There are 17 of these goals adopted by the UN in 2015, aiming to create a fairer and more sustainable world by 2030
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
States must have a permanent population, defined territory, government and what?
Capacity to enter into international relations
Permanent court in the Hague prosecuting genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity
International Criminal Court
Unlike express rights, these rights are not written in the Constitution but are interpreted by the High Court as being necessary for the system to function
Implied rights
This 18th-century political movement, led by figures like William Wilberforce, aimed to end the transatlantic slave trade
Abolitionism
This 2007 non-binding declaration, initially rejected by Australia, sets international standards for the rights of Indigenous peoples
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
Countries with UN Security Council veto powers
US, China, UK, France & Russia
First piece of hard law drawn up by the UN in 1948
Genocide Convention
This 1997 case involving a former New Zealand Prime Minister confirmed that the Australian Constitution protects the freedom of political communication
Lange v ABC
This 1919 organization, now a UN agency, was created to improve working conditions and secure labour rights globally
International Labour Organization (ILO)
This 2018 Australian Act requires large companies to publicly report on the risks of exploitation within their supply chains
Modern Slavery Act
Voluntary association of mostly former British colonies
Commonwealth of Nations
Collective right allowing a group of people to determine their own political status
Self-determination
This independent national body investigates complaints about discrimination and conducts public inquiries, such as the Bringing Them Home report
Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC)
In 1893, this nation became the first in the world to grant women an equal right to vote
New Zealand
This 2015 international agreement aims to stabilize global warming below two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels
Paris Agreement
Conducts compulsory periodic reviews of human rights in UN member states
UN Human Rights Council
Binding agreement defining and criminalising human trafficking
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Palmero Protocol)
Section 51(xxix) of the Constitution gives the Commonwealth this power, which has been used to pass laws that fulfill international treaty obligations
External affairs power
This collective term refers to the combination of the UDHR, the ICCPR, and the ICESCR
International Bill of Rights
This 1994 landmark case brought by a Tasmanian resident to the UN led to the decriminalisation of homosexuality across Australia
Toonen v Australia