Development
Define developed nation.
High living standard and strong economy.
What does HDI measure?
Life expectancy, schooling and income.
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative indicators?
Quantitative indicators are based on numbers and measure how much. Qualitative indicators use words, or images to describe characteristics.
What continent is Ethiopia part of?
Africa
What does the Happiness Report measure and what does it reveal about human wellbeing?
It measures subjective wellbeing like life satisfaction and happiness. 0-10. High scores show people feel satisfied and enjoy a good quality of life.
Define developing nation.
Lower income andlower standard of living.
Human Development Index (HDI): Ethiopia ≈ 0.51, Australia ≈ 0.94. Why is there a difference?
Australia has higher income, longer schooling and longer life expectancy.
What is GDP per capita?
The Gross Domestic Product divided by the total population (average income per person)
What continent is Australia part of?
Oceania or Australia.
Literacy rate: Ethiopia ≈ 52%, Australia ≈ 99%. Why is there a difference?
Australia provides free schooling and better access to education.
Define development.
It is a process of growth in quality of life and economy.
Life expectancy: Ethiopia ≈ 67 years, Australia ≈ 83 years. Why is there a difference?
Australia has better healthcare, nutrition and living conditions.
What is life expectancy a measure of?
The average amount of years a perosn is expected to live when they are born.
Compare the GDP per capita in Ethiopia and Australia.
Ethiopia is low; Australia is high.
What does verb compare require you to do?
Show similarities and differences between, give reasons and use evidence.
Provide an example of a developed nation and developing nation
Australia and Ethiopia
GDP per person: Ethiopia ≈ US$2,800, Australia ≈ US$67,000. Why is there a difference?
Australia has stronger industries, skilled workers, less people and more resources.
What do child mortality rates measure?
The under-five mortality rate is the number of child deaths per 1,000 births within the first five years of life.
Compare the mean years in school in Ethiopia and Australia
Ethiopia has fewer years; Australia has more.
Compare mean years of schooling: Ethiopia ≈2‑4 years, Australia ≈12.5 years. How does this influence wellbeing?
More schooling in Australia leads to better jobs, higher income, and improved living standards.
Compare the HDI in developed nation to the HDI in a developing nation. Provide reasoning for these scores.
Developed nations like Australia have high income, long life expectancy and many years of schooling, giving a high HDI. Developing nations like Ethiopia have lower income, shorter life expectancy and fewer years of schooling, giving a low HDI.
Why is wellbeing complex?
It is subjective and multidimensional.
What do poverty rates measure?
Poverty rates measure the percentage of a population living below a specific income level, known as the poverty line.
Explain the difference between correlation and causation. Give an example related to human wellbeing.
Correlation: two things happen together but one does not necessarily cause the other. Causation: one factor directly causes the other.
Example: Higher education and higher income are correlated (they happen together), but education causes higher income by giving skills for better jobs.
Explain the cycle of poverty and how it affects human wellbeing.
Poverty limits access to education, healthcare, and jobs → low skills and poor health → low income → poverty continues with the following generation. It keeps communities trapped in low wellbeing across generations.