HUMANISM
When did Humanism begin?
Humanism began in the 14th century
How did the printing press helped spread humanist ideas?
It made books cheaper and faster to produce, improving literacy and spreading ideas beyond monasteries and universities.
Where did the renaissance artistic changes first begin?
On the Italian Peninsula
Architecture was important in the age of renaissance?
yes
WHO HAS MADE THE SCUPTURE OF DAVID?
Michelangelo.
What does anthropocentrism mean in the context of Humanism?
Anthropocentrism means placing human beings and their intelligence at the center of the world view, instead of God being the main focus as in medieval Christianity
Who invented the movable-type printing press and when?
Johannes Gutenberg invented it around 1440.
What were the two main artistic periods of the Renaissance?
Quattrocento and Cinquecento
Where is the Louvre palace? (city and country)
Paris, France
WHICH IS THE THEME OF THE SCULPTURE OF DAVID?
The sculpture has a religious theme. It shows David moments before his battle with Goliath.
Who were the main patrons of Humanist artists and thinkers, and which city was the most important center?
The main patrons were powerful governors and rich families, especially the Medici family. Florence was the most important center of Humanism.
What is the difference between the geocentric and heliocentric theories?
Geocentric theory said Earth was the center of the universe. Heliocentric theory (by Copernicus) said the Sun was the center and planets orbited around it.
What were the main characteristics of Renaissance sculpture?
Use of various materials (marble, bronze, wood), new themes (mythological, historical, portraits), two forms (sculptures in the round and reliefs), and the pursuit of ideal beauty inspired by classical art.
What style was representative in the reign of Carlos V?
The Purist Style
WHAT IS SCULPTURE?
A sculpture is a 3D artwork shaped by the artist’s preferences and the social, economic, and political context of its time.
Name three important humanists mentioned and explain one key activity they carried out in Florence.
Marsilio Ficino, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, and (outside Florence) Erasmus of Rotterdam, Sir Thomas More, and Cardinal Cisneros. In Florence, Ficino and Pico della Mirandola worked together in the academy sponsored by the Medici family, studying and combining Christian, Greek, and Latin traditions.
Name two scientific advances in medicine during the Renaissance and their authors.
Vesalius wrote a famous treatise on anatomy. Miguel Servet developed the theory of pulmonary circulation of blood.
Name one key difference between Quattrocento and Cinquecento architecture
Quattrocento focused on harmony and mathematical proportions, while Cinquecento buildings were more monumental and followed ancient architectural orders more strictly.
Name the most prominent sculptors of the age?
Alonso Berruguete, Juan de Juni, Gaspar Becerra.
WHICH IS THE SIZE OF THE SCULPTURE OF DAVID?
Four meters tall
Their courts and palaces, in Naples, Rome and especially Florence, were the ________ __ ________
epicentre of humanism
Why did some religious and political leaders oppose scientific advances in the Renaissance, and give one example of conflict?
They preferred traditional teachings from the Bible or classical authors that could not be proven. Example: The Church condemned Galileo for proving Copernicus’ heliocentric theory with his telescope.
How did Renaissance artists show classical influence?
By using ideas from Ancient Greek and Roman art, such as balance, proportion, realistic human anatomy, perspective, and classical themes like mythology and history.
Name of the architects of San Lorenzo de el Escorial (Madrid)? (2)
Juan Bautista de Toledo, and Juan de Herrera.
HOW DO YOU ANALYSE A SCULPTURE?
Analyse a sculpture by studying its form, meaning, and historical context.