Urban Basic
What is the term for the movement of people from the countryside to the city?
Urbanisation
A megacity has at least how many million people?
10 million
In what year did the world’s urban population first outnumber the rural population?
2008
What % of Australians live within 50 km of the coast?
90%
What is an ecological footprint?
The amount of productive land needed per person for food, water, housing, transport, waste
In 1800, about what percentage of the world’s population lived in rural areas?
98%
Name the world’s first two megacities.
Tokyo (Japan) and New York (USA)
By 2050, what percentage of Australians will live in urban areas?
93%
Which four Australian cities are expected to have 89% of the national population by 2053?
Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth
What was the global average ecological footprint in 2016?
2.8 hectares per person
Name two problems caused by rapid population growth in cities.
Examples: poverty, unemployment, poor sanitation, pollution, traffic congestion
How many megacities existed in 2018, and how many are predicted by 2030?
33 in 2018; 43 by 2030
Name three major consequences of Australia’s population growth.
Traffic congestion, biodiversity loss, more greenhouse gas emissions, housing issues, food security threats
What is “urban sprawl”?
Rapid outward expansion of cities into farmland/green areas
What was Australia’s ecological footprint in 2014?
6.9 hectares per person
What is the difference between urbanisation and urban growth?
Urbanisation = shift in proportion of people in cities; Urban growth = increase in total urban population
In 1975, where were the world’s megacities located compared to today?
1975 = 2 in the Americas, 2 in Asia; today most are in Asia (predicted 23/41 by 2030)
What are “tree change” and “sea change” movements?
Tree change = move from cities to rural/forest; Sea change = move from cities to coastal areas
Give one reason why Perth is described as a “car city.”
Long distances, reliance on private vehicles, congested freeways
Which Australian city had the highest ecological footprint?
Perth (7.66 ha/person/year)
Name two push factors and two pull factors for migration in India and Bangladesh.
Push = flooding, loss of farmland; Pull = jobs in construction, higher wages
What is a megaregion? Give one example.
When megacities merge into a continuous urban area; e.g., Pearl River Delta, China
Which three countries are predicted to have the greatest % increase in urban population between 1950–2050?
China, India, Indonesia
Why is urban sprawl considered a long-term problem for farming land?
Once farmland is converted to housing, soil fertility and land use are very difficult to restore
Compare Australia’s ecological footprint to the USA in 2014.
Australia = 6.9; USA = 8.4 ha/person/year