BUSINESS
What is primary research?
Collecting 'new' information that does not already exist
What is demand?
The amount of goods that consumers are willing and able to buy
What term is used for the height of land above sea level?
Altitude
Which U.S. president ended slavery?
Abraham Lincoln
How, according to Eysenck, do reinforcement and social learning processes influence the development of individual personality traits (extroversion, neuroticism, psychoticism)?
According to Eysenck:
• People with certain traits react differently to rewards and punishments.
• Extroverts seek more stimulation, so they learn better from rewards.
• Neurotic people react strongly to stress, so they learn fear responses faster.
• Psychoticism is linked to low empathy and may grow when social rules are not reinforced.
Idea: how we learn from others and from rewards shapes our personality.
What is privatisation?
Transfer of public sector resources to the private sector
What does secondary sector in economy do?
Converting raw materials into finished and semi-finished goods
What is the process called when water changes from liquid to gas due to heat?
Evaporation
Where was the first nuclear bomb invented?
The first nuclear bomb was invented in the United States during World War II as part of the Manhattan Project.
What are the basic principles of the cognitive approach, and how does it differ from the behavioral and psychodynamic approaches?
Basic principles of the cognitive approach
• People think, interpret, and make meaning — thoughts guide behavior.
• Problems come from wrong or distorted thinking.
• Changing thoughts can change feelings and actions.
Difference:
• Behavioral approach focuses only on actions and environment.
• Psychodynamic approach focuses on unconscious conflicts.
• Cognitive approach focuses on conscious thoughts.
What is Maslow's pyramid?
Hierarchy of employees' needs and level of importance
What is GDP and what is it used for?
Gross domestic product - the total value of all goods and services produced within a country in one year; is used to measure Economic growth
What do we call the point on Earth directly above where an earthquake begins?
Epicenter
A state where elections may exist but are controlled or manipulated to maintain power in the hands of a single ruler or ruling party is called a ____.
Authoritarian country
What is the difference between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and what significance does this have for diagnosing the disorder?
Positive vs negative symptoms of schizophrenia
• Positive symptoms: things added to behavior — hallucinations, delusions, strange speech.
• Negative symptoms: things lost — lack of emotion, little speech, low motivation.
Importance: helps doctors understand the type and severity of the disorder and choose proper treatment.
What are economies of scale?
Producing goods in large quantities so the average cost per unit falls
What is the difference between capital and labour productivity?
Capital productivity measures how efficiently a business uses its capital (machines, equipment, tools) to produce output.
Labour productivity measures how efficiently workers (labour) produce goods or services.
What do we call the layer of Earth where convection currents cause plate movement?
Mantle (specifically the asthenosphere)
What is Bi-polarization in international relations and politics?
Bi-polarization describes a global system dominated by two superpowers, where most countries align with one or the other. Example: During the Cold War, the world was bi-polarized between the United States and the Soviet Union.
What is "vicarious reinforcement"?
It is the reinforcement or punishment that the observer sees the model receive for their behavior. If the model is rewarded, the probability of the observer imitating the behavior increases.
What is PESTLE analysis? What does it stand for?
Analysis of external factors influencing the business: political, economic, social, technological, legal, environmental
What is currency appreciation? Provide an example.
This occurs when the value of a country’s currency rises compared to other currencies.
Ex.: 12.000 sums = 1$ => 12.500 = 1$
Currency of Uzbekistan has appreciated
What is the name of the imaginary line around Earth at 23.5° north?
Tropic of Cancer
Uzbekistan is constructing a nuclear power plant with the assistance of which country?
Russia
What is the key assumption underlying the Cognitive Approach that differentiates it from Behaviorism?
Internal mental processes (such as thinking, memory, perception, and attention) should and can be studied scientifically.
The Cognitive Approach asserts that complex mental processes mediate behavior between the stimulus and the response (Stimulus→Information Processing→Response).