Markedness
Unmarked features are _ _ _ _ natural, frequent, or basic across languages.
More
Learners sometimes make linguistic errors caused by interlanguage that they cannot fix despite years of exposure to the target language. What is happening to them?
Fossilization
Which of the five sub-fields of linguistics has to do with pronunciation?
Phonology
The Speech Learning Model (SLM) predicts that sounds that are similar between the L1 & L2 will be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to perceive/produce.
Difficult
An English learner says “I eated,” instead of “I ate.”
What is this an example of?
Overgeneralization
What does MDH stand for?
Markedness Differential Hypothesis
An L2 learner thinks a sentence is too difficult to produce, so they find alternative words or paraphrases that convey similar thoughts or messages. What are they displaying?
Avoidance
What does ILP stand for?
Interlanguage Pragmatics
Which of the five sub-fields of linguistics is related to the Multidimensional Model?
Syntax
What is another term for cross-linguistic influence?
Transfer
Markedness theory states that if a given language contains a ____ structure, it is likely to contain the ____ equivalent as well.
Marked, unmarked
Long said, “There is a fixed series of stages in the evolution of grammatical systems…” What sequence is this?
Developmental Sequence
"Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nothing can be conveyed" (Wilkins, 1972, p. 111).
Vocabulary
According to the Processability Theory, what determines the order of stages?
Processing load
"Can you close the door?" is a request, not a question of if you are physically capable of closing the door.
Which subfield of linguistics is this an example of?
Pragmatics
Who proposed the Markedness Differential Hypothesis (MDH)?
Fred R. Eckman
What is it called when learners acquire chunks before understanding how to use individual verbal forms?
E.g., “I don’t understand,” “Wait a minute,” “How are you?”
Formulaic Sequence
What are words in related languages that developed from the same ancestral root and therefore have a same or similar form across languages?
E.g., “Chair” in English and “chaise” in French
Cognates
One can only successfully teach what the L2 learner is cognitively ready to learn. Which theory/hypothesis/model is this?
Teachability Hypothesis
What was the other language corpora mentioned in the reading?
E.g., Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage
Oral Corpora