Characteristics of the Hydrosphere
What is the layer formed by all of the water that exists on planet Earth
The Hydrosphere
What percentage of Earth's water is in liquid and salty form in the oceas and seas?
97%
True or False.
Clouds are water vapour
False
Clouds are accumulations of liquid or solid water in the form of small droplets or ice crystals.
What is the chemical formula for water
H2O
70%
The amount of salt in water is called
Salinity
Where is the final destination for surface water?
Seas and oceans
Explain how percipitation falls from a cloud
Once the small cloud droplets grow until they are too heavy and fall as rain, hail or snow on the land surface.
True or False
Pure water can conduct electricity
False
Pure water cannot conduct electricity, but when it has dissolved substances it is a good conductor.
What is it called when the Sun heats the surface of oceans, rivers and lakes and causes a change of state in the water from liquid to gaseous.
Evaporation
What are the 3 states of water and give an example of each on Earth
Solid: ice on polar ice caps or high mountain areas
Liquid: form of oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and groundwater
Gaseous: water vapor in the atmosphere
Where is the small percentage of freshwater distributed on Earth?
Glacial Ice Caps: 79%
Ground water: 20%
Surface water: 1%
What is the part of water that falls by percepitation and infiltrates the soil and accumulates underground?
Infiltration
What is the defenition of "universal solvent"?
What is the universal solvent?
Fluid that dissolves most substances
Water
What percentage of fresh water is in the glacial ice caps?
79%
Depending on the amount of salt contained in the water, it can be _____, ______, or _______.
Fresh, salty or brackish
What do ocean currents help with?
Distributing the temperature of the planet by circulating the warm currents from equator to poles
Migration of marine species
Explain evapotranspiration
Some of the rainwater is absorbed by plant roots and returns to the atmosphere by evaporation through plant leaves
Explain the high cohesion and adhesion strength of water molecules
Water molecules have two poles, negative and positive, that allow them to bind strongly to each other and to other substances.
What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered up by oceans and seas?
70%
Explain the orgin of water on planet Earth.
Water was trapped in the geosphere
Released as water vapor through volcanic eruptions
Water vapor condensed in the atmosphere, forming clouds and causing rains
The water formed oceans, seas, lakes and rivers
Where can we find rainwater on Earth?
Snow, mountain streams, aquifers, caves, springs, lagoons, lakes, rivers, marshes, fiords, estuaries
Give the terms that explain the phrase changes of water
Gas <-> Liquid
Liquid <-> Solid
Solid <-> Gas
Gas -> Liquid: condensation
Liquid -> Gas: evaporation
Liquid -> Solid: solidification
Solid -> Liquid: melt
Solid -> Gas: sublimation
Gas -> Solid: Deposition
When frozen, water _____ its volume and becomes ___ dense, allowing it to float on liquid water.
Increases, less
What is the total volume of water on the planet?
1400 million cubic kilometers