Distribution of Water
How is freshwater distributed over the Earth?
77% is frozen and 23% is liquid
How does salinity levels change as you get closer to the surface of the ocean?
Salinity levels increase
How does low dissolved oxygen levels affect an aquatic ecosystem?
Low dissolved oxygen levels can kill off the organisms within the ecosystem.
Give an example of point source pollution
-an oil spill from an oil rig
-hot water coming from a wastewater treatment plant
(any example)
What agency protects the water supply?
EPA
Why is freshwater not readily available for humans to use?
77% in locked up in glaciers and ice caps
Describe upwelling.
An increase in cool-nutrient rich water that attracts fish to an area
What are the two indicators of a healthy aquatic ecosystem?
pH and temperature
Give an example of non-point source pollution
-trash
-oil leaking from a car
(any example)
Describe the difference between transpiration, evaporation, and sublimation
Evaporation comes from a body of water, transpiration comes from a plant's leaf, and sublimation goes from a solid to a gas (ice to water vapor)
What percentage of all Earth's water has a high salinity level
97%
Where would you find hydrothermal vents and animals surviving from chemosynthesis?
Deep ocean
A body of water that has high turbidity is...
Cloudy
Is eutrophication point or non-point source pollution and explain your answer
Both...non-point because it can come from run-off from a farm or point with human waste coming from a treatment center
What is water disinfected with, before and after use?
Chlorine
A rock layer that collects and stores water is called...
An aquifer
How are estuaries different from lakes and rivers?
Estuaries contain both salt and freshwater
How do changes in turbidity affect other water quality indicators?
It increases the water temperature, which decreases dissolved oxygen levels
Describe the difference between point and non-point pollution
Point: you can point to the direct source
Non-point: you cannot point to the direct source
Describe desalination and its purpose
The removal of salt from the ocean because some countries do not have any freshwater to use
An area of land that drains into a river or lake is called....
A watershed
What type of technology is used to give us a broad scope of the ocean's topography?
Satellite imaging
How do humans impact eutrophication?
By creating an excessive amount of nitrates and phosphates in the water system through fertilizers and human waste.
Give an example of technology used to help better understand the ocean
-satellite image
-buoy
-ROV