Hyperlipidemia Pathophysiology
Majority of the body's cholesterol is made in this organ.
What is the liver?
This is the side effect most common among patients taking statins.
What is muscle pain/myalgia?
An ASCVD risk of 12% would fall into this risk category.
What is intermediate risk?
This tryglyceride-lowering agent has also proven to lower MACE.
What is icosapent ethyl?
DT is a 47 y/o F that has just been diagnosed with HLD. This number is her goal level.
This type of lipoprotein transports cholesterol from the liver to the intestine for excretion.
What is HDL?
This cholesterol-lowering drug works by inhibiting NPC1L1.
What is ezetimibe?
Atorvastatin 20mg QD would be this type of statin intensity.
What is moderate-intensity?
Hypertryglyceridemia is defined as having triglycerides at or above this number threshold.
What is 150mg/dL?
SW is a 63 y/o male with a PMH of HTN, T2DM, and MI (2 years ago) has just been diagnosed with HLD. He falls into this statin benefit group.
What is Group 1/secondary prevention?
After being modified by oxidation, LDL-C becomes atherogenic. It is then taken up by this type of white blood cell and foam cells are formed.
What are macrophages?
This protein that is inhibited by lipid-lowering medications targets the LDL receptor for degradation.
What is PCSK9?
Both of these types of statins are available in moderate and high-intensity doses.
What are rosuvastatin and atorvastatin?
Fibrates are agonists of this transcription factor that increases gene expression for the breakdown of fatty acids.
What is PPAR-alpha?
LK is a 59 y/o M with a PMH of HTN, HLD, and CAD. He is currently on atorvastatin 80mg QD for his HLD and ezetimibe 10mg QD. His labs came back and revealed his LDL-C=84 and TG=210. This medication/medication class would be the next one added.
What are PCSK9 inhibitors?
The activation of this protein increases LDL receptor expression and is activated by decreased cholesterol delivery to the liver.
What is SREBP?
This lipid-lowering drug class is also known to decrease CRP.
What are statins?
A 54 y/o diabetic patient that has a GFR of 56 mL/min and T2DM for 8 years should receive this intensity of a statin.
What is high-intensity?
This common cardiovascular disease is a risk factor for Macaulay's TG Benefit Group 2 (Diabetes Group).
What is hypertension?
DR is a 61 y/o M with a PMH of T2DM (5 years) and HLD. His current HLD medication is rosuvastatin 40mg QD. His lab values com back as following: LDL-C=63mg/dL, HDL-C=36 mg/dL, TG=233 mg/dL. This medication would likely be the next addition to his HLD medication regimen.
What is icosapent ethyl?
The LDL receptor ligands are apoE and this apoprotein.
What is apoB-100?
This is the mechanism of action of inclisiran.
What is siRNA directed again PCSK9/inhibits production of mRNA for PCSK9/decreases PCSK9 protein translation?
If the risk discussion for an intermediate-risk patient is uncertain, a moderate-intensity statin should be initiated if CAC is at least this value (number).
What is 100?
This endocrine disorder causes both increased LDL and increased triglycerides.
What is hypothyroidism? (obesity counts too)
A 57 y/o patient with a PMH of HTN and T2DM (9 years, 1 year w/ neuropathy) presents to her cardiovascular clinic with and LDL-C value of 85. Her provider decides to start her on rosuvastatin and asks you what the best dose to start is. You respond with this number (2 options).
What is rosuvastatin 20-40mg QD?