Hypertension Basics
According to JNC 8, what is the systolic and diastolic range for "Normal" blood pressure?
<120/<80
Nurses must monitor for this common side effect of beta-blockers like Atenolol
Bradycardia
This type of shock is characterized by a loss of blood volume, such as from surgery or trauma.
What is the first priority in managing any patient in shock to prevent brain cell death? (Think ABCs).
Oxygen / Airway
Nurses should teach hypertensive patients on potassium-wasting diuretics to eat food high in _______.
Potassium
This type of hypertension is caused by an underlying factor such as kidney disease.
Secondary HTN
These diuretics, such as Furosemide, often require the patient to take potassium replacements.
Loop Diuretics
This type of shock occurs due to a physical impairment or mechanical obstruction, such as cardiac tamponade
Obstructive
This is the initial fluid usually administered to restore blood volume in most shock types.
Normal Saline
What is the first medication a nurse should administer during anaphylactic shock?
Epinephrine
This formula, BP = CO X PVR, explains that blood pressure is the product of these two factors.
cardiac output & peripheral vascular resistance
This class of drugs prevents the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II but may cause a chronic cough.
ACE Inhibitors
Distributive shock is primarily caused by this widespread physiological reaction
Systemic Vasodilation
In an emergency outside a hospital, what position should a patient in shock (except cardiogenic) be placed in?
Flat / Legs Elevated
Name two objective physical assessments a nurse must monitor in a patient with shock.
Vitals & Output
This severe and sudden form of hypertension causes rapid damage to organs (eyes, brain, kidneys).
Malignant HTN
Patients taking Alpha-blockers for the first time should lie down for 2 hours to avoid this "dizzy when standing" effect.
Orthostatic Hypotension
This is a widespread inflammatory response in the body.
Systemic inflammatory response system
Why should a nurse avoid giving oral fluids to a patient showing signs of shock?
Aspiration Risk
When a hypertensive patient has a nosebleed (epistaxis), what is the correct head position?
Tilt head forward
What is the specific systolic and diastolic range for Stage 2 Hypertension?
≥160 / ≥100
Which system in the body regulates blood volume and vasoconstriction through the kidneys?
RAAS System
This specific type of distributive shock is caused by a severe allergic reaction.
Anaphylactic
This type of shock is the only one where significant fluid replacement is usually avoided to prevent heart failure.
Cardiogenic
This acid-base imbalance is a hallmark of shock due to the production of lactic acid.
Metabolic Acidosis