HYPERTENSION
LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS
What is the initial treatment for prehypertension?
Stroke volume X systemic vascular resistance
What is Blood pressure?
Where on the chest is the systolic murmur of aortic stenosis heard best?
What is 2ND RIGHT INTERCOSTAL SPACE (also called right upper sternal border)
Acute onset of tachypnea, increased work of breathing and increased pulmonary vascular congestion
What is pulmonary edema
MONA
What is morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin: initial treatment for MI.
NSAID and Decongestants
What are two classes of medications that can raise blood pressure?
Targeting dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption.
What are modifiable risk factors
Where on the chest is the systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation heart best?
What is 5TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE LEFT MIDCLAVICULAR LINE (also called apex)
What can a MI, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis cause?
What are causes for systolic heart failure
Elevation in cardiac enzymes but no Q waves on EKG
What is NSTEMI
Per JNC 8, what are the initial drugs of choice that are recommended for the treatment of hypertension?
What are thiazide diuretics, ACEI, ARB, CCB
Xanthelasma and Arcus Senilis
What are physical exam findings suggestive of dyslipidemia?
This common congenital heart disorder is associated with RV outflow obstruction, VSD, RV hypertrophy and aorta dextroposition.
What is Tetralogy of Fallot
Therapies that can be useful in the treatment of heart failure
What are diuretics, salt restriction, Carvedilol, Lisinopril
Coronary artery is blocked with elevation in cardiac enzymes and eventual Q waves on EKG
What is STEMI
Risk factors of CVA, MI, vascular disease, CKD.
What is hypertension?
Multiple electrical impulses occur within the atria causes this chaotic electrical activity
What is Atrial fibrillation
This pathologic diastolic murmur is auscultated loudest at the apex.
What is mitral stenosis
Preserved EF of > 50% but the left ventricle unable to relax often due to hypertrophy and ischemia.
What is diastolic heart failure
This class of medications for angina increases myocardial oxygen perfusion by relaxing coronary arteries, decreases myocardial workload, decreases vasoconstriction and spasms.
What are nitrates.
BP >180 with end organ damage such as retinal papilledema.
What is malignant hypertension?
What does the presence of PFO increase patient's risk for?
What is CVA
This systolic murmur increases with Valsalva maneuver and decreases with squatting.
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Failure of the heart to pump blood to lungs resulting in edema/ascites
What is right sided heart failure
Dysrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, pericarditis, ventricular aneurysms
What are post infarction complications