Etiology/Pathophysiology
Non-Pharmacological Treatment
Treatment Goals
Pharmacological Treatment
Pharmacological Treatment
100
These organs are most commonly affected by high blood pressure.
What is brain, kidney, heart, vascular blood vessels, and eyes.
100
This is the daily sodium restriction for hypertension.
What is <2.4 grams (ideally <1.5g, AHA: <2.3g)?
100
No matter what guideline or age group, the goal blood pressure for patients with CKD or DM is this.
What is <140/90?
100
This is the drug of choice for pregnant patients with hypertension.
What is methyldopa?
100
This anti-hypertensive medication is associated with the biggest risk of constipation.
What is verapamil?
200
This is the most common symptom of hypertension.
What is none (asymptomatic)?
200
This is the alcohol consumption recommendation for men with hypertension.
What is 2 drinks per day (12oz beer, 4oz wine, 1oz liquor per drink)?
200
The ASH/ISH recommends a blood pressure goal of <150/90 for this age group in the absence of CKD or DM.
What is >/= 80 years old?
200
You can expect this percentage of serum creatinine increase after starting an ACE-I or ARB.
What is 30%?
200
This is the only beta-blocker that requires renal dosage adjustment.
What is atenolol?
300
This class of hypertensive medications is not as effective in the elderly population due to receptor down-regulation
What is beta-blockers?
300
The DASH diet includes these recommendations.
What is eating vegetables, fruits, and whole grains including fat-free or low-fat dairy products, fish, poultry, beans, nuts, and vegetable oils, limiting foods that are high in saturated fat, such as fatty meats, full-fat dairy products, and tropical oils such as coconut, palm kernel, and palm oils, and limiting sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets?
300
The JNC 8 recommends a blood pressure goal of <150/90 for this age group in the absence of CKD or DM.
What is >/=60 years old?
300
These are considered non-selective beta-blockers.
What is acebutolol, atenolol, metoprolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, and nebivolol?
300
The efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide is maxed at this dose.
What is 25mg/day?
400
The elderly are more likely to have this type of isolated hypertension.
What is isolated systolic hypertension?
400
These foods are known as the "Salty Six".
What is bread/rolls, cold cuts, sandwiches, pizza, soup, and chicken.
400
The SPRINT trial that was recently published concluded that targeting a goal of this significantly reduced mortality.
What is 120/80?
400
Due the increased risk of orthostatic hypotension, these classes are not recommended in geriatric patients unless completely necessary.
What is alpha-1 blockers, central alpha-2 agonists, and direct vasodilators?
400
This thiazide diuretic maintains efficacy in patients with CrCl <30mL/min.
What is metolazone?
500
Name three mechanisms that lead to hypertension in elderly patients.
What is arterial stiffness, autonomic nervous system dysregulation (decreased baroreceptor reflex, increased sympathetic nervous system activity), hormone changes (increased norepinephrine, decreased aldosterone), and decreased kidney function.
500
This non-pharmacological measure has been proven to have to most reduction in systolic blood pressure?
What is maintaining a normal body weight (weight loss)?
500
ACCF/AHA released a consensus statement that found a possible increase in mortality with a systolic blood pressure less than this.
What is 115 mmHg?
500
These antihypertensive medications have proven morbidity and mortality benefit in congestive heart failure patients.
What is metoprolol XL, carvedilol, bisoprolol, sprinolactone (stage II-IV and EF <35%), ACE-I/ARBs, and hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrite (African American patients)
500
These antihypertensive classes must be tapered before discontinuing.
What is central alpha-2 agonists and beta-blockers?
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