Hydration and Electrolytes
This substance is crucial for maintaining proper hydration and is typically balanced through diet. However, imbalances may require sports drinks or oral rehydration solutions. What are these essential substances known as?
What are electrolytes?
This test is used to assess kidney function, electrolyte balance, and blood sugar levels among other metabolic processes. What is this panel called?
What is BMP?
What is shrink/crenation?
Oxygen can move through the cell membrane via __.
What is simple diffusion?
In this physiological process, water moves from areas of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane. What is this process called?
What is osmosis?
During a baseline physical exam, this measurement, along with pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature, helps evaluate the overall health of a patient. What is this measurement?
What is blood pressure?
Intravenous normal saline directly impacts the volume of __.
What is ECF?
A malfunction in the Na+/K+ pump would result in sodium unable to __.
What is leave the cell?
The cation __ is higher in the ECF, while cation __ is higher in the ICF.
What is Na+/K+?
These types of brain cells, including astrocytes, become especially swollen due to water influx in hyponatremia
What are glial cells?
A patient is experiencing severe diarrhea. The ICF osmolality is expected to __.
What is increase?
This type of transport requires direct use of energy to move ions against their concentration gradients, as seen in the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. This type of transport is called __.
What is primary active transport (antiport)?
In a BMP, this major extracellular electrolyte gives us information about water balance.
What is Na+?
The swelling of the brain cells due to hyponatremia is due to this condition characterized by an increase in brain volume.
What is cerebral edema?
A patient ate an ungodly amount of salty chips. Their sodium level is now 180. During hospitalization, we would administer ___.
What is D5W?
Glucose uses __ transport to cross the cell membrane __ its concentration gradient.
What is active/against?
These anions work together to maintain acid base status and ionic equilibrium.
What is Cl-/HCO3-?
This disruption in hyponatremic patients, resulting from decreased extracellular sodium levels and difficulty in firing action potentials, leads to symptoms such as ____.
What is confusion?
A patient's JG cells are insufficient at secreting renin, as a result they are deficient in aldosterone. This results in a __ of the ECF osmolality.
What is decrease?
In the intestinal cells, sodium moves down its gradient and glucose moves against its gradient. The energy that sodium produces moving down its gradient is used to move glucose against its gradient. This type of transporter is known as__.
What is secondary active symporter?