Sandel
True or False: Sandel is opposed to a market economy.
False. Sandel is opposed to a market society.
Name an intention of the following:
Teacher
Answers may vary.
Ex. "Ms. Brewer"
What is the difference between ethical and cultural relativism?
Cultural relativism is a fact that states that different cultures have different moral values.
Ethical relativism is a judgement that the different moral values in different cultures are all right.
Define: epistemocracy
A political system in which only those with the right education are allowed to rule.
Which of Nietzsche's two features of art encapsulated the restraint and stylized elements of art?
Apollonian
What are Sandel's two main theses?
(Hint: they are one-word answers)
Corruption & inequality
Which type of language is the following sentence (primarily):
"“What fun it would be... if one didn’t have to think about happiness!’”
Expressive
Which philosopher was a hedonist who believed that pleasure could be derived from sober thought and contentment within the soul?
Epicurus
What is the difference between strict and moderate egalitarianism
Strict egalitarianism calls for complete equality.
Moderate egalitarianism calls for political equality and equality of economic opportunity but not complete economic equality
What did Croce argue was the role of art?
To connect us to the unvierse.
What is Sandel's first example of what money can (but shouldn't) be able to buy?
A prison cell upgrade.
The following is what type of argument:
There is a long history of violence in human history.
All attempts at anarchy have resulted in violence.
Hobbe's view that humanity is inherently selfish and violent is accurate and therefore we need a strong government to control them
Inductive
Fill in the blanks:
Pragmatism: morality is a ________________ set of standards to _________________problems.
provisional; temporary
Which extremist political philosophy is defined by complete centralized control of goods?
Communism
Which philosopher was a key advocate for institutionalism?
Arthur Danto
What is the difference between a fine and a fee?
Bonus (double points): how does Sandel use these two concepts to support his argument?
Fine: a payment as punishment meant to discourage a particular behavior/action
Fee: what one has to pay to do a particular action/behavior
Bonus: Sandel argues that the line between fines and fees becomes blurred, especially for the affluent. So much so that fines can actual encourage behavior if people interpret it as acceptable as long as they pay. This creates unequal rights and freedoms for the affluent.
The following is what type definition?
Philosophy: an engaging and interesting study that engages the mind and soul in the pursuit of life's most important questions
Persuasive
You are deciding whether or not to cheat on the final exam. Explain how Kant would evaluate the situation based on his Categorical Imperative.
1. Determine relevant maxim: I should cheat on a test
2. Imagine a world where this is universal: everyone cheats on a test
3. Would this lead to contradiction/chaos?: if everyone cheats testing will become meaningless as it will be evaluating no one's abilities
4. It is immoral
sexism; slavery; torture; execution of heretics.
Which formalist philosopher argued that, because of its significant forms, art is timeless.
Clive Bell
Explain how Sandel's example of a couple selling off the naming rights to their baby supports his two theses.
Corruption: rather than being a part of the baby's identity, which may have significant familial value, their name becomes nothing more than a profitable object.
Inequality: couples who have less income are more incentivized to do this. If this becomes normalized, lower-income individuals will have less rights to their own name.
The following is an example of which logical fallacy?
He says he likes to light matches on fire, so we shouldn't take him to the soccer game.
Equivocation
Define fecundity.
(Hint: it's a criterion of Hedonistic Calculus)
An actions ability to create additional pleasures following the initial pleasure.
Which philosopher argued that the social contract is not a historical fact, but rather a tool for political philosophy?
John Rawls
Which philosopher differentiated between objective beauty (nature) and subjective beauty (art)?
Frances Hutcheson