Stages
What are the three types of memory?
Sensory, Short Term, and Long Term
This type of memory: Speaking, seeing, and using all of your senses.
What is sensory memory?
the process of preserving information for possible recollection in the future (next step after encoding)
What is storage?
data never entered your memory; failure to process information into memory
What is an encoding failure?
promotes memory
What is sleep?
encoding failure, storage failure, retrieval failure, proactive interference, retroactive interference
Why do we forget?
you can remember up to 7 units, bits, or items without a lot of difficulty
What is short term memory?
reproducing information from memory in the order in which it was learned; associated with memorization
What is serial recall?
What is sensory memory?
This type of memory lasts several minutes. 5-9 chunks of information.
What is working memory?
process of accessing information encoded and stored in memory
What is retrieval?
although the information is retained in the memory store, it cannot be accessed (tip of the tongue phenomenon)
What is retrieval failure?
thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum
What are the 4 primary areas of the brain involved in memory?
Said, "We remember the high points of a memory and reconstruct it from there."
Who is Herman Ebbinghaus?
memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"; you are aware of having this type of memory
What is explicit memory?
learning procedure in which material that has been learned may be repeated in any order
What is free recall?
has almost unlimited capacity and can hold onto information indefinitely
unconscious memory of how to carry out a variety of skills and activities (implicit memory)
What is procedural memory?
Grouping numbers, letters, or other items into recognizable subsets as a strategy for increasing the quantity of information maintained in short-term memory
What is chunking?
memories may decay over time; memory lapses
What is storage failure?
the act of filling in memory gaps
What is confabulation?
A detailed account of circumstances surrounding an emotionally significant or shocking, sometimes historic, event.
What is a flashbulb memory?
a memory of something you know or know how to do, which may be automatic, unconscious, and difficult to bring to awareness, and express
What is implicit memory?
recalling vivid memories of an event
What is episodic recall?
can temporarily maintain and process limited information for longer periods of time (about 30 seconds, if no distractions)
What is short term memory?
record of memorable experiences including when and where an experience occurred (explicit memory)
What is episodic memory?
technique for improving memory
What is mnemonic?
tendency for information learned in the past to interfere with retrieval of new information
DAILY DOUBLE
What is proactive interference?
subjective feeling that one is experiencing a genuine recollection, with sensory details, and even expressed with confidence and emotion, even though the event never happened
What are false memories?
an inability to form new memories following damage to the brain
What is anterograde amnesia?
A moment that is immediately stored in long term memory
Flashbulb moment/memory
most basic type of recall; (shower, instrument, driving)
What is procedural recall?
brain processes involved in the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
What is memory?
Facts about the world, available to anyone
What is semantic memory?
Serial, Free, Episodic, Procedural, Somatic, Eidetic
What are the types of recall?
the tendency for recently learned information to interfere with the retrieval of things learned in the past
What is retroactive interference?
A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage; allows for long term storage of memories
What is the role of the hippocampus?
an inability to retrieve information from one's past prior to drain damage
What is retrograde amnesia?
explicit, implicit, and flashbulb
What are the types of long term memory?
facts and general knowledge
What is somatic memory?