Figurative Language
What is a metaphor?
A comparison used to describe something without using "like" or "as"
What cause is MLK fighting for in "I Have a Dream"
Answer might include: segregation, tension between Black and white people, police brutality, oppression
Name 3 persuasive strategies that speakers use when writing speeches
Possible answers: Call to action, anecdote, pathos, logos, ethos, inclusive language, humor, repetition
Define the word "inspirational"
"Making one feel hopeful or encouraged"
Name one physical strategy that speakers use in their performances (what do they do with their hands, face, etc)?
Possible answers: gesturing, changing facial expressions, eye contact with audience
Name 2 types of figurative language
Possible answers: metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, onomatopoeia, alliteration, allusion, oxymoron
What is one idea or phrase that repeats throughout "I Have a Dream"?
Possible answers:
-"Let freedom ring"
-"I have a dream"
-"Some of you have [traveled great distances, dealt with hardship")
-"Every [valley, hill, etc] shall be [transformed]"
-"With this faith..."
How does repetition help make a speech more persuasive?
Possible answers: emphasizes ideas so that the audience can understand them better, shows the audience what ideas are most important, adds to flow of paragraphs
How does it change the meaning of a speech when you watch the video instead of just reading it?
Possible answers:
-Shows what ideas the speaker wanted to emphasize
-Shows the emotion behind the ideas
-More engaging
Name 2 vocal strategies that speakers use in their performances (what do they do with their voice?)
Possible answers: Speed up, slow down, get louder or softer, emphasize certain words
Give an example of personification (you can find one in class texts or make one up)
Possible answer: "this nation will rise up"
Name 3 persuasive strategies that MLK uses in "I Have a Dream"
Possible answers:
-Appeal to emotion (pathos)
-Appeal to morality (ethos)
-Inclusive language
-Repetition/alliteration
-Call to action
-Verbal/physical presence
-Figurative language
-allusions/references
Give an example of a "call to action" (you can find one in your folder or make one up).
Possible answers:
-"Ask not what your country can do for you..."
-"We realize the importance of light..."
-"Let freedom ring"
What are the 2 ways to find the meaning of an unknown word in a speech?
Answer: Dictionary or Context clues
Explain why a speaker might pause after saying a certain word
Possible answers: to emphasize, to let an idea sink in, to introduce a new idea
Give an example of alliteration (you can find one in class texts or make one up)
Possible answers: trials and tribulations, mighty mountains, molehill of Mississippi
Name 1 vocal strategy and 1 physical strategy that MLK uses in the video
Possible answers:
vocal: speeding up, slowing down, getting louder or softer, emphasizing certain words, pausing, tone
physical: looking around, looking straight ahead, hand motions, facial expression
Give 2 examples of "inclusive language" that speakers can use to connect with their audience
Possible answers: we, us, everyone, sisters and brothers, friends, all
Name 3 ways that speeches are different from other forms of writing
Possible answers: inclusive language, specific intended audience, meant to be performed, specific to time period, purpose, calls to action
Define "emphasis." Why do speakers choose to emphasize certain words?
Definition: stressing a certain word to indicate its importance.
Speakers emphasize certain ideas to show how they are important.
Name 1 allusion in a speech that we have read
Possible answers: "God," "My country tis of thee," "free at last, free at last"
What are 2 metaphors used in "I Have a Dream"?
Possible answers:
-storms of persecution
-winds of police brutality
-heat of injustice/oppression
-oasis of freedom and justice
-lips dripping with the words interposition and nullification
-every hill and mountain shall be made low
-every crooked place shall be made straight
-jangling discords of our nation
-symphony of brotherhood
-let freedom ring
Explain the meaning of pathos
An "appeal to emotion," the writer tries to convince the audience by making them feel empathy, pity, sadness, anger, or another emotion.
Define the word "tribulation" using context clues:
"I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells."
Correct response: Tribulations probably means "challenges" or "difficulties" because he says that it is something people have gone through, and gives jail as an example, which implies that it is something difficult.
Provide 2 specific examples of specific verbal or physical strategies used by either MLK, Malala, or JFK (you must tell us where in the speech this strategy is used)
MLK:
-pauses after each instance of "let freedom ring"
-speeds up when listing "Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia,"
-raises hand at "this will be the day"
-raises both fists at "we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children"
-raises voice & sounds hopeful with "I have a dream"