Enlightenment
This Enlightenment philosopher argued that people possess natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
This revolution inspired the French Revolution
What is the American Revolution?
This invention powered many factories during the Industrial Revolution.
What is the Steam Engine?
This thinker believed that workers were being exploited by factory owners.
Who is Karl Marx?
The failure of this staple crop helped trigger widespread starvation in nineteenth-century Ireland.
What is the Potato Crop?
This form of government allows a monarch to exercise largely unchecked political power.
What is the Absolute Monarchy?
This French leader conquered much of Europe in the early nineteenth century.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
This word means the growth of cities as people move there for jobs.
What is Urbanization?
This economist wrote The Wealth of Nations.
Who is Adam Smith?
These are reasons that force or encourage people to leave their home country.
Push Factor
This Enlightenment concept means that people possess rights that governments do not create and should protect.
What are Natural Rights?
Haiti gained independence from this European country.
What is France?
During industrialization, many people moved from farms to work in these places.
What are factories ?
Karl Marx used this word to describe the working class.
What is the Proletariat?
What was one major effect of global migration on American cities?
Population growth, more industrial workers, and greater cultural diversity.
Enlightenment thinkers challenged the belief that kings received their authority directly from this source.
What is God?
These two geographical factors contributed to the defeat of Napoleon's invading army in Russia
Russia's severe winter conditions and its enormous size
This term describes workers each doing one specific job to make production faster.
What is Specialization of Labor?
This early women's rights advocate argued that women deserved equality and education.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft?
Why did global migration increase during the nineteenth century?
Economic hardship, persecution, industrialization, and improved transportation.
This Latin American revolutionary argued for independent nations with presidents whose powers would be limited by constitutions and laws.
Who is Simón Bolívar?
This group in France included most ordinary citizens and carried a disproportionate tax burden before the French Revolution.
What is the Third Estate?
Name one way the Industrial Revolution brought progress and one way it brought harm
Progress- new infrastructure and technology, more jobs, growing middle class
Harm- pollution, climate change, bad working conditions
Explain why Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels criticized industrial capitalism
They argued that industrial capitalism produced class exploitation. Examples include dangerous factory work, extremely long hours, low wages, or overcrowded housing.
How did industrialization and global migration connect during the nineteenth century?
Industrialization created jobs in growing cities, attracting migrants from other countries.