DNA, Genes, Protein Synthesis
Meiosis and Mitosis
Human Reproduction
Diffusion Lab
Mutations
100
What makes up DNA?
4 Nitrogen bases/subunits
100
Describe the DNA that the two daughter cells will pass onto their daughter cells?
It will be identical
100
What is the function of the female reproductive system?
To create gametes (eggs) in the ovaries and provide nutrition for the embryo.
100
What happens to the starch molecules after they sit for twenty minutes in the model cell? And why does this occur?
They remain inside of the model cell because they are too large to pass through the dialysis tubing (cell membrane).
100
A female has a mutation that is found in her egg cell. Will this mutation be inherited by her offspring? Why or why not?
Yes it will because mutations are passed onto offspring if the mutation occurs in the gamete of the parent.
200
What are the building blocks of enzymes called and where are they assembled?
Amino Acids and Ribosomes
200
Cloning and budding are examples of which process?
Mitosis
200
What is the function of the male reproductive system?
To create gametes (sperm) in the testes and provide the means for delivery of the gametes.
200
What happens when the starch indicator is exposed to a starch?
Its turns dark purple.
200
A man has a mutation in the muscle cells of his upper arm. Will this mutation be inherited by his offspring? Why or why not?
No because mutations are only inherited if they occur in the gametes of the parent.
300
Where in the cell is the information needed to create a protein located and what do we call this molecule that contains this information?
Nucleus and DNA
300
Which process increases genetic variation?
Meiosis
300
What do we call the direct product of fertilization?
A zygote
300
What would happen if an enzyme that digests starches into glucose molecules was added to the inside of the cell?
No color change would occur and the glucose molecules would diffuse out of the cell until equilibrium is met.
300
Why could changing the base of one gene have a large impact on protein synthesis?
The sequence of amino acid building blocks would be altered causing a change in protein shape or function.
400
What do we call a segment of a chromosome that codes for a very specific protein?
A gene
400
Why is it so important that the egg cell and sperm cell each only contain half of the required number of chromosomes?
So they can equal the full required number of chromosomes when they join together to form the zygote during fertilization.
400
Define genetic recombination and state whether this occurs in sexual or asexual reproduction.
When genes exchange information to increase genetic variation and this occurs in sexual reproduction.
400
Why is it that the mass of a model cell can decrease?
The substances inside can diffuse out of the cell.
400
What is the difference between a point mutation and frameshift mutation. Which one is more dangerous?
Point Mutation: A base is substituted for another. Frameshift Mutation: A base is added or removed. A frameshift mutation is more dangerous because it can change which amino acids are coded for for the entire DNA sequence.
500
Why is it that the DNA in a skin cell looks the same as the DNA in the brain cell?
DNA is identical in every cell of your body
500
Define differentiation.
When basic cells (stem cells) take on a specific job or role.
500
How can we know if physical similarities among siblings are due to similar environments or similar proteins coded for?
If it something they are born with then it will be due to similar proteins. Environments are more responsible for influencing the appearance of identical twins.
500
Why doesn't the model cell shrink if glucose is diffusing out of the cell?
Starch indicator is diffusing into the cell and taking its place.
500
How could changing the base of in a codon affect protein synthesis?
The shape of the protein could be changed or the amino acid could be substituted for another one.
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