Photography
What are the three cardinal rules for crime scene photography?
Fill the frame, maximize depth of field, keep the film plane parallel.
What color filter should be used to see a photograph the fluorescence generated when searching a crime scene with a forensic light source emitting a green light?
Red
Locard’s Exchange Principle can be generally summarized as?
Every contact leaves a trace
Decontamination can be achieved with this ratio of bleach to water?
1:10
If exposure error is unavoidable, is it best to underexpose or overexpose a photo?
Underexpose
The first photographs at any crime scene should show the layout and evidence within the scene "as found" without any alterations, also known as what?
In Situ
Electronic flash units should be used off the hot shoe when doing close up photography with distances closer that what?
5 feet
The forensic linkage triangle illustrates that items of evidence are used to establish links between?
The victim, the suspect, and the scene
The type of sketch that illustrates the horizontal surfaces and lays down the vertical surfaces to depict evidence present on them?
Cross projection
Examination quality/critical comparison photographs should use what ISO?
ISO 100
Whenever scales are used, they should be positioned where in relation to the evidence?
On the same plane as the evidence
Using different focal lengths may introduce distortion into a photograph. Wide angle lens will ____ the distance between the foreground and background, and telephoto lenses will ____ the distance between the foreground and background.
Elongate; Compress
The evaluation of multiple bullet defects in glass and where their radial fractures meet is used with?
Sequence of force determination
The method best used for crime scenes with clear and specific boundaries (such as indoor scenes) in which items are measured at 90 degrees to the surrounding surfaces?
Rectangular coordinates
Infrared Photography was discovered by who?
Sir William Herschel
What are two ways to eliminate lens flare?
Lens hood, block the sun with hand
To eliminate reflections from glass and water, what filter should be used?
Polarizer filter
The most significant class discriminator for shoe mark evidence is:
Tread pattern
This is the phenomenon defined by the conversion of light from one wavelength to another and occurs as long as the object is exposed to an active energy source.
Fluorescence
To eliminate blur from hand holding the camera, the shutter speed that is closest to the focal length of the lens on the camera, inverted into a fraction should be used. In MOST cases, the slowest shutter speed recommended when hand-holding a camera is what?
1/60th
What focal length should be used when taking a "fill the frame" photo of a person's face to eliminate distortion?
100-120 mm
When maximizing depth of field, the photographer should consider the rule of thirds when focusing. What is the rule of thirds?
Depth of field extends one-third (1/3) in front of the point of exact focus, and two-thirds (2/3) behind the point of exact focus.
The search method during which the searcher moves down an area and at the end reverses direction and moves down the adjacent area is called?
Strip
The order of application for a phenolphthalein test is the following?
Alcohol, Phenolphthalein, Hydrogen peroxide
Whenever possible, Crime scene photographs should be captured with a shutter speed of 1/60th and which four f/stops?
f/22, f/16, f/11, f/8