The chemistry of water
Characteristic of a substance which has an affinity for water
hydrophilic
Amount of carbons contained in a glucose molecule.
6
Process in which a mRNA is read to create a polipeptide chain.
Translation
Double-membrane bound organelles that convert light energy into chemical energy.
Chloroplasts
Type of transport of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration area.
Active transport
Type of molecule that has a partial negative charge and a partial positive charge.
polar
Type of reaction in which two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule.
dehydration or condensation
Protein structure that results in a α helix or a β pleated sheet
Secondary structure
Has ribosomes attached to its surface which produce proteins that are usually destined for use outside the cell.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Type of transport in which the contents are forced out of the cell by means of a vesicle.
Exocytosis
Measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid.
Surface tension
A storage polysaccharide of plants, consists entirely of glucose monomers.
Starch
Organic molecule that has both a carboxyl and an amino group.
amino acid
Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules.
Lysosome
Type of channel protein in quaternary structure that allows the bidirectional passage of water molecules
aquaporins
Type of bond with unequal sharing of electrons due to
different electronegativity values.
Polar covalent
Structure that contains two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol.
Phospholipid
Name of nitrogen bases that have a single ring, include C T and U.
Pyrimidines
Organelle in which translation (protein synthesis) occurs, specifically in Eukaryotic cells.
80S ribosomes
Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to lipids
glycolipids
Amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1°C.
Specific heat
In a triglyceride, three fatty acids are joined to glycerol by this type of bond:
ester bond
Type of bond that joins adjacent nucleotides, formed in a dehydration reaction.
phosphodiester bond
Small, circular pieces of DNA that can be transferred from one prokaryotic cell to another, i.e. horizontal gene transfer.
Plasmids
Lipid that reduces membrane fluidity at moderate temperatures by reducing phospholipid movement.
cholesterol