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Topic 2
Topic 3
Topic 4
Topic 5
100
These are a graphical representation of the variability of data.
What is error bars?
100
The three main principles of this theory are all organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
What is cell theory?
100
The division of prokaryotic cells.
What is binary fission?
100
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, have a common gene pool.
What is species?
100
The longest and largest part of the cell cycle where G1, S phase and G2 occur.
What is Interphase?
200
Produces two genetically identical nuclei.
What is Mitosis?
200
The initial energy source for almost all communities since photosynthetic organisms occupy the first trophic level.
What is sunlight?
200
Define Genotype and Phenotype.
What is the symbolic representation of pair of alleles possessed by an organism. And what is the characteristics or traits of an organism.
200
The use of deducing the significant difference between two sets of data is this type of test.
What is t-test?
200
Three factors that set limits to population increase.
What is exponential phase, transitional phase, and plateau phase?
300
The two colors of light that chlorophyll absorbs the most.
What is red and blue.
300
These are replication proteins in E. coli.
What are helicase, primase, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase?
300
One of the primary functions of protein molecules.
What is hormones or transport or structure?
300
This accumulates in the inter-membrane space of the mitochondrion during electron transport.
What is protons (hydrogen ions)?
300
Produced by both anaerobic and aerobic respiration in humans
What is pyruvate and ATP?
400
The effects of changing environmental factors on rate of photosynthesis.
What is the effect of changing light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration?
400
The differences between the behaviour of the chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis.
What is two divisions in meiosis, only one in mitosis; meiosis results in haploid cells, mitosis in diploid cells; crossing over only occurs in meiosis; no S phase precedes meiosis II; chromosomes behaviour in meiosis II and mitosis is similar/ chromosome behaviour in meiosis I and mitosis is different; chiasmata only form during meiosis; homologous chromosomes move to the equator in pairs only in meiosis
400
This is performed by using cells collected by chorionic villus sampling or aminocentesis, for pre-natal diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities.
What is karyotyping?
400
This type of cloning is interested in making copies of cells.
What is therapeutic cloning?
400
This type of cloning makes an entire individual.
What is reproductive cloning?
500
The significance of water to living organisms.
What is chemical reactions are only possible in cells, blood plasma etc. because the majority of solutes in living organisms are polar and thus are water soluble. Polarity is directly related to cohesion and adhesion of water molecules and is important with movement of water. Maintenance of stable internal temperature is directly related to the high specific heat of water, and also attributed to the polarity of water molecules.
500
Explain how DNA is replicated within the cells of living organisms.
What is the helix is unwound; two strands are separated by breaking hydrogen bonds between bases. New strands formed on each of the two single strands with complementary base pairing: A to T and G to C. DNA polymerase forms the new complementary strands. Replication is semiconservative; each of the DNA molecules formed has one old and one new strand.
500
Outline DNA profiling.
What is the sample of the DNA is obtained, satellite DNA/repetitive sequences used for profiling/ amplification of DNA by polymerase chain reaction/ Cutting DNA into fragments by restriction enzymes/separation of DNA by electrophoresis/separation according to size and charge/ pattern of bands obtained.
500
The potential benefits and possible harmful effects of genetic modification.
What is possible benefits: (more specific than traditional methods, faster, selective breeding cannot produce desired phenotype, increased productivity of food production, less use of chemicals). Possible harmful effects: (some gene transfers are regarded as harmful to some organisms, can spread and compete with the naturally occurring varieties, some of the engineered genes could also cross species barriers)
500
Explain how meiosis results in great genetic variety among gametes.
What is homologous chromosomes form tetrads; crossing over during prophase I; exchange of DNA/genes/ alleles between chromatids/chromosomes; new combinations of maternal and paternal genes/alleles/DNA; bivalents align themselves on the equator during metaphase I; orientation of one homologous chromosomes separate; independent assortment of unlinked genes; leads to 2n/ 2^23 possible gametes (without crossing over)
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