Water, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates
Water can also be hypothesized to have been delivered to Earth by these objects from outer space, which are rich in ice.
Asteroids
When the enzyme's shape is altered due to changes in temperature, pH, or substrate concentration, this is known as
Denaturation
This type of cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotic
This process involves the engulfing of large particles by the cell membrane, creating vesicles. It is a type of active transport.
Phagocytosis
These structures within the chloroplast are the sites of the light-dependent reactions, where ATP and NADPH are produced.
Thylakoid
The basic units of nucleic acids, which consist of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base, are called this.
Nucleotide
These lipids are responsible for waterproofing in organisms, such as the cuticle on plant leaves and the feathers of birds.
Waxes
This is involved in the production of ribosomes and is located within the nucleus.
Nucleolus
This type of virus specifically infects bacteria, and it was used by scientists like Hershey and Chase to demonstrate that DNA is the genetic material.
Bacteriophage
This molecule, produced during the light-dependent reactions, is used in the Calvin Cycle to reduce carbon dioxide into organic compounds.
NADPH
This disaccharide is composed of glucose and fructose and is commonly found in fruits and honey.
Sucrose
This level of protein structure is formed when two or more polypeptide chains come together to form a functional protein.
This type of eukaryotic cell can have a cell wall made of chitin.
Fungal cells
In plants, this phenomenon occurs when water enters the root cells, creating pressure within the cell and causing the cell to become turgid.
Turgor pressure
During the light-dependent reactions, the electron transport chain generates this molecule, which provides the energy needed for the synthesis of ATP.
Protons
This polysaccharide is used by animals for energy storage and is found mainly in the liver and muscles.
Glycogen
This model of enzyme action describes how the enzyme and substrate fit together, with the enzyme’s active site undergoing a slight change in shape to better fit the substrate.
Induced fit model
Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells often possess this structure, which helps them survive extreme environmental conditions and can contribute to pathogenicity.
Capsule
This membrane protein plays a crucial role in identifying the cell type and enabling cell-to-cell recognition, often acting as a marker for immune system interactions.
Glycoproteins
This term refers to the range of light wavelengths that are absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments, used to drive photosynthesis.
Action spectrum
This type of bond connects the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the sugar of another, forming the backbone of nucleic acids.
Phosphodiester bond
This term refers to the molecules that help enzymes catalyze reactions, either by donating or accepting chemical groups or electrons.
Coenzymes or cofactors
This experiment in 1953, simulated early Earth conditions to demonstrate how organic compounds could form from inorganic substances
Miller - Urey experiment
This major genetic change in a virus occurs when two different strains infect the same host cell and combine to form a new viral subtype, leading to significant changes in the surface proteins.
Antigenic shift
This is the first stable product formed when carbon dioxide enters the Calvin Cycle, immediately after it is fixed by RuBisCO.
G3P