Lipids
Hydrophobic
What is the monomer (building block) of proteins?
Amino Acids
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
Provide/Store Energy
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What do we call a large molecule made up of many smaller, repeating subunits?
A polymer
What special type of lipid makes up the main barrier of cell membranes?
Phospholipids
What biological catalysts speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy?
Enzymes
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
What are the three core components of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, and a Pentose Sugar
Which three chemical elements are found in all four types of biological macromolecules?
Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen
What is the key structural difference between a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid?
Saturated has no double bonds, unsaturated has one or more double bonds
How many different standard amino acids are found in proteins?
20 different standard amino acids
Give an example of a simple sugar (monosaccharide).
Glucose, fructose, galactose, (etc.)
What are the two main types of nucleic acids found in living things?
What is the term for the smaller building block of units that link together to create a larger polymer?
Monomers
Give an example of a lipid that acts as a chemical messenger (hormone)
Steroids/cholesterol, testosterone, or estrogen
What type of covalent bond links amino acids together into a polypeptide chain?
Peptide Bond
What type of bond connects individual sugar units together into larger carbohydrate chains?
Glycosidic bond
What is the primary function of DNA?
Storing genetic information
What molecule is always released as a byproduct when two monomers are joined together by dehydration synthesis?
Water
What unique structural feature do phospholipids have that makes them ideal for cell membranes?
A hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails
Brownie Points if you can name which is polar and which is non-polar (Last Unit)
What happens to a protein when it loses its shape due to extreme heat or pH changes?
Denaturation
Which carbohydrate do plants use to build and strengthen their cell walls?
Cellulose
Which nitrogenous bases pair together in a DNA molecule?
1. Adenine and Thymine
2. Guanine and Cytosine
Are all polymers biological? If so, provide an example of one.
Fibers, Plastics, Elastomers, (etc.)