Water
Two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen atom
What is water?
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What are the monomers of carbohydrates (monosaccharides)?
Linked together to form polypeptide chains
What are amino acids?
Where a substrate binds to an enzyme
What is the active site?
Cells that have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of cell types
What are stem cells?
Relatively strong intermolecular forces between water molecules
What are hydrogen bonds?
cellulose, starch, glycogen
What are the polymers of carbohydrates (polysaccharides)?
Formed between the amine and carboxylic acid groups of adjacent amino acids
What are peptide bonds?
These three factors affect enzyme activity
What are temperature, pH and substrate concentration?
The theory which explains the origin of eukaryotic cells
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
NaCl, amino acids, glucose, and oxygen are _____________ and easily transported in the blood
What is soluble?
Fatty acid with a single double bond
What are monounsaturated fatty acids?
In an amino acid, the four groups attached to the central alpha Carbon
What are amine, carboxylic acid, hydrogen and R group.
The enzyme that breaks down the milk sugar
What is lactase?
Supercoiled, condensed DNA
What are chromosomes?
The ability of like molecules to stick together; explains water's surface tension
What is cohesion?
mass in kg / (height in meters)2
What is the calculation for BMI?
A structural change in a protein that results in the loss (usually permanent) of its biological function
What is denaturation?
Determines the shape and function of an enzyme
What is the DNA/gene sequence?
A solution that contains more solute and a solution that contains less solute
What are hypertonic and hypotonic?
Water loving and fear of water
What are hydrophilic and hydrophobic?
The reaction that links monosaccharide monomers to form disaccharides and polysaccharide polymers
What is a condensation reaction?
A component of the connective tissue of animals (most abundant protein in mammals).
What is collagen?
The two models used to describe enzyme-substrate binding
What are the lock and key model and the induced-fit model?
A passive process that transports polar or charged molecules across a cell membrane
What is facilitated diffusion?