Experimental Chemistry
The degree of agreement between experimental measurements and the true value.
Accuracy
The smallest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
Empirical formula
The process where electrons are spread out across multiple atoms.
Delocalization
The energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms.
Ionization energy
A diagram showing the energy changes during a chemical reaction.
Energy profile diagram
A critical review of how well an experiment meets its objectives.
Evaluation
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
Molecular formula
A bond formed when metal atoms share a "sea" of electrons.
Metallic bonding
The energy change when an atom gains an electron.
Electron affinity
A law stating that the total enthalpy change is the same regardless of the number of steps in a reaction.
Hess's Law
An approach that visually displays how data changes in an investigation.
Graphical representation of data
A condensed representation of a compound showing bonds and atoms.
Structural formula
The attraction between molecules based on temporary dipoles.
London dispersion forces
A group of elements that form colored compounds and have multiple oxidation states.
Transition metals
The breaking of chemical bonds in reactants to form products with new bonds.
Chemical reaction
The variable in an experiment that is changed or controlled.
Independent variable
The short form where bonded atoms are grouped together in writing a structure.
Condensed structural formula
A strong type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules containing hydrogen bonded to F, O, or N.
Hydrogen bonding
A series of related organic compounds with similar chemical properties.
Homologous series
The disorder or randomness of a system.
Entropy (ΔS)
A systematic approach to planning and conducting an experiment.
Scientific investigation
The number of representative particles in one mole of a substance.
Avogadro’s constant
When a molecule has two or more valid Lewis structures.
Resonance
A branch of chemistry dealing with carbon-containing compounds.
Organic chemistry
This lowers the activation energy of a reaction by providing an alternative pathway.
Catalyst