Stoichiometric Relationships
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.
What is empirical formula?
The negatively charged particle in an atom.
What is an electron?
The most reactive group of non-metals in the periodic table.
What are halogens?
The type of bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
What is covalent bond?
The type of reaction that releases heat.
What is an exothermic reaction?
The term for the number of particles in a mole, approximately 6.02 x 10²³.
What is Avogadro's number?
The name of the model in which electrons are found in specific energy levels around the nucleus.
What is the Bohr model?
The trend in atomic radius as you move down a group.
What is "increases"
The structure resulting from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What is ionic lattice?
The law stating that the total energy of an isolated system is constant.
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
The amount of substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12
What is a mole?
The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
What is atomic mass?
The type of element characterized by a full outer electron shell.
What are noble gases?
he shape of a water molecule, based on its electron-pair geometry.
What is bent or angular?
The term for the heat content of a system.
What is enthalpy?
The principle stating that the ratio of the amounts of substances in any chemical reaction is always the same.
What is the Law of Constant Composition?
The phenomenon where electrons emit energy as they move to lower energy levels.
What is electromagnetic radiation emission?
The term for the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state.
What is ionisation energy
The type of attractive force between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.
What is hydrogen bonding?
The law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
he concept describing the substance that is completely used up in a reaction, thus controlling the amount of product formed.
What is limiting reagent?
The experiment that led to the discovery of the nucleus.
What is the Rutherford gold foil experiment?
The effect explaining why atomic radius decreases across a period despite an increasing number of electrons.
What is effective nuclear charge?
The theory that explains the shape of molecules based on repulsions between electron pairs.
What is VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory?
The term for the disorder or randomness in a system.
What is entropy?