Topic 1
What is a “3-D scale model based on a specific percentile, with moving parts”?
A. Manikin
b. Iconic model
c. Ergonome
d. Physical Model
c. Ergonome
In green design, the prevention principle refers to…
A. providing absolute proof of environmental damage.
B. remedying environmental harm that has been done.
C. waiting for environmental damage to occur.
D. the avoidance of environmental hazards.
D
Which of the following rapid prototyping techniques does not require structural supports during the build?
A. Selective laser sintering (SLS)
B. Laminated object manufacture (LOM)
C. Fused disposition modelling (FDM)
D. Stereolithography
A. Selective laser sintering (SLS)
Why are some moulds for metals made out of super alloys?
A. To decrease the cost of moulds
B. To speed the cooling process
C. To increase the metal flow inside the moulds
D. To resist high temperatures
D. To resist high temperatures
Which of the following must be present to enable inventions to become
innovations?
I. Marketability
II. Financial support
III. User need
A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. I, II and III
D
maximum and minimum percentiles that watch manufacturers would use
5th - 95th
Define the term renewable resource .
a (natural) resource that does not run out ✓
a (natural) resource that can replenish itself (over a period of time) ✓
a (natural) resource that can be used more than once/is infinite ✓
List one reason why clay modelling is still used to prototype models in processes such as car design.
cost effective ✓
easy to shape/manipulate ✓
easy to modify ✓
tactile material ✓
readily available (abundant) material ✓
helps communicate the form ✓
can be scanned/used for further digital development ✓
suitable for large scale modeling ✓
State one advantage of injection moulded plastic.
cost effective ✓
repeatability/consistency ✓
high precision/accuracy ✓
efficient use of material ✓
Touch screens became popular after Apple introduced the iPhone. This is an example of…
disruptive innovation
Describe how biomechanical data would have been used in the
development of a pair of pliers
Biomechanical data measures mechanics/forces of the user (living organisms);
To determine the strength/effort required to grip/squeeze/compress the
pliers
Outline why electric motorcycles are regarded as a green design.
electric motorcycles use a battery/do not require fossil fuels to power the
motor;
which limits the need for finite energy sources;
Describe the difference between surface and solid modelling.
surface modelling is a realistic/aesthetic representation of the final
model/offers some machining data/contains no data about the interior of the
part ✓
whereas solid modelling is a comprehensive (internal and external)
representation of the final part/provides a complete set of data for the product
to be realized ✓
Define elasticity
The ability of a material to return to its original shape (after being deformed)
Do not accept the words ‘stretch’ or ‘pull’ without reference to returning to its original shape.
List two characteristics of a patent.
a patent protects a new product/invention/process/idea;
lasts for a number of years/set period of time;
prevents others from imitating intellectual property;
can be used within geographical boundaries;
is recognised by governments/protected by law;
Explain one physiological factor considered in shoe sole design.
Comfort ✓
The design of the sole needs to consider the size/movement of the user ✓
To ensure it does not create any pressure/pain ✓
OR
Fatigue ✓
Users may wear the shoes for long periods of time ✓
And they should be able to flex/feel light/not cause tiredness ✓
Suggest one reason why the depletion of hardwood reserves may have
political implications.
Social impact;
Deforestation/loss of habitat/human displacement;
Causing local unrest/people to migrate/unemployment/negative economic
impact;
Environmental impact/reduction of CO absorption/renewability;
Hardwoods can only be replaced over a long period;
Affecting a country’s obligation to global sustainability agreements/targets;
Biodiversity;
Forests are home to flora/wildlife populations that are under threat;
That can wipe out species/affect the reputation of a country;
Explain why digital humans are used in car interior design.
digital humans are virtual simulations of human beings with realistic
movements of various parts of the body ✓
can be used to test/evaluate how people interact with the car interior/ controls
✓
to determine optimum clearance/reach/adjustability ✓
digital humans are virtual simulations of human beings with realistic
mass/size/shape ✓
can be used to test/evaluate the result of a crash/accident ✓
to optimise the interior of the vehicle to enhance safety/minimise risk of injury
✓d
igital human libraries contain models of varying sizes and shapes ✓
designers do not need to utilise a range of real people/physical models to test
the interior of the car ✓
reducing labour costs/making modifications to the car interior design
quick/cost effective ✓
Compare the ease of recovery and disposal of thermoplastics and
thermosetting plastics.
thermoplastics can be heated and reformed/have a linear chain
structure/weak polymer bond ✓
thermosetting plastics can usually only be heated and formed once/have cross
linking polymers that form a strong bond ✓
this means that thermoplastics can be repurposed/makes them more
appropriate or viable for recycling ✓
Explain how market pull has influenced the release of metal straws.
a new idea is needed as a result of demand from the marketplace;
due to a greater awareness of the negative impact of plastic on the
environment;
resulting in consumer pressure for eco friendly alternatives to single use
plastic products;
Explain two reasons why the quiet nature of electric motorcycles may provide negative psychological factors in the popularity for consumers.
some motorcyclists prefer motorcycles being noisy;
sound provides appeal for certain (brands of) motorcycles;
quiet electric motorcycles may therefore lead to reduced sales;
quiet motorcycles may be regarded as being less safe;
as pedestrians/other road users cannot hear the motorcycle coming (in traffic);
causing potential risk/danger/injury to the rider/other road users;
Life cycle analysis (LCA) is a tool that assesses the impact of a product on the environment.
Explain how the environmental impact can be minimized during production and distribution of a motorcycle.
Production:
materials for the components can be sourced from recycled materials;
reducing the requirement for raw materials;
meaning less energy is required to produce the electric motorcycle;
automated production/robotic systems;
minimises errors/increases efficiency in production;
resulting in less (material and energy) waste produced;
Distribution:
the materials/components could be sourced from local manufacturers;
reducing the amount of transportation required;
resulting in less CO2 emissions;
the motorcycles could be designed to be assembled at the point of sale;
individual parts of the motorcycle take less space during
transportation/distribution;
so more motorcycles can be shipped per container;
Explain one advantage of using Finite element analysis (FEA) and one
advantage of using physical models for testing food containers
Finite Element Analysis:
FEA allows the calculation and simulation of unknown factors in products using
CAD systems ✓
Which can be used to test the mechanical/physical properties (accept
compressive strength/tensile
strength/toughness/hardness/density/weight/mass) ✓
And allows for quick/easy/cost effective modifications to the design (based on
the results of testing) ✓
Physical models:
Physical models allow the creation of a tangible version of an object that can
be physically interacted with ✓
To help evaluate size/proportions/texture of the design ✓
Which would provide more accurate/realistic feedback ✓
Outline one way how products that are produced as a single part can
reduce manufacturing costs. [2 mark]
4 OPTIONS FOR RESOPONSES
Design for assembly;
Additional workers/machines are not required to assemble the parts;
Design for manufacturing;
No assembly required resulting in higher production rate/less energy
consumed;
Design for process;
Optimisation of a single process (such as injection moulding/die casting);
Design for materials;
Optimize economies of scale;
Discuss the conflict between form and function when
designing a new bridge.
Form:
relates to the shape and the aesthetic qualities of the bridge ✓
some bridges are designed to be recognisable/iconic ✓
should be in harmony with the surrounding environment ✓
the form of the bridge may be influenced by the intended load ✓
optimum materials/structure for the function may not compliment the form
✓
Function:
a bridge needs to function as a safe crossing between two land masses ✓
it is required to withstand forces/have tensile/compressive strength to fulfil
its purpose ✓
needs to function under a specific/intended load (consider factor of safety)
✓
should withstand adverse environmental conditions (earthquakes/high
winds etc.) ✓
form follows function/function is more important than form (in a safetycritical
structure such as a bridge) ✓