Pollution
Definition: is the addition of a substance or an agent to an environment by human activity at a rate greater than that at which it can be rendered harmless by the environment, and which has an appreciable effect on the organisms within it.
What is pollution
What process does the flow arrow 4 represent?
Precipitation
The following are examples of?
Sonar
Fish Radar
Motorized boats
Artificial Intelligence
Drones
Improved Net technologies (Trawler, Purse-Sein, Long-lining, drift-net)
Improved net construction and materials
Sturdier fishing lines, and improved rods
Technologies that have increased fishing efficiency
Rough percentage of the water on Earth that can be considered fresh-water (Rounded to the nearest whole percentage)
(Bonus: Where is most of it located?)
3% (Glaciers)
the over-enrichment of water (lakes, rivers, oceans) with nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, usually from fertilizer runoff or sewage. This triggers excessive algae growth (algal blooms) that block sunlight, and when the algae die and decompose, they consume oxygen, creating "dead zones" where fish and other aquatic life cannot survive
what is Eutrophication
Outline the most likely path of single-use plastic to the ocean.
[Steps evaluated by teacher]
What does arrow 5 Represent
Surface Runoff
What are the two strategies for aquatic food production
- Wild fish capture
- Aquaculture (Farm raising Fish)
-Most of Earth's freshwater is locked in glaciers/ice
-Most organisms can't survive on salt-water
- Desalinization is expensive and takes large amounts of energy
- Demand for water increases with growing populations
- Water demands increase as societies become more sedentary
- Water is pumped faster than it can be replaced in some areas
- Some areas do not have the economic ability to reach water
What can these cause?
What are some reasons for increasing water scarcity
occurs when individuals neglect the well-being of society in the pursuit of personal gain. This leads to over-consumption and ultimately depletion of the common resource
Tragedy of the Commons
What is BOD and what does it do?
Biochemical Oxygen Demand, a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) required by aerobic microorganisms to decompose organic matter in a water sample over a specific period.
It acts as an indicator of organic pollution: high BOD means more oxygen is consumed, leaving less for aquatic life and indicating lower water quality.
What does arrow 1 Represent
Evaporation
- Use of Quotas
- Crackdown on illegal fishing
- Designation of Protected areas
- Restrictions on size and types of fishing gear
Are used for what purpose?
Management Strategies to avoid unsustainable fishing of a fishery
Domestic – drinking, washing, cleaning.
Agriculture – drinking (animals), irrigation.
Industry - manufacturing, mining, cooling.
Aesthetic - Polishing
Hydroelectric power
Transportation
Marking boundaries
What is being used in these situations?
Uses for fresh-water
the highest average catch or harvest that can be continuously taken from a population (e.g., fish, timber) over the long term without depleting its ability to replenish itself
What is MSY? Maximum Sustainable Yield
Discovered in the 1980s, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is estimated to contain over 1.8 trillion pieces of this material.
What is plastic?
What are some weaknesses of the model shown
Oversimplified:
- Doesn't show all processes (flows)
- Doesn't have all storages
- No quantitative information
- Any other acceptable answer
Which fishery does this describe?
- In 1985, annual production was estimated to be about 10,000 tonnes, and by 2009 had increased to around 539,000 tonnes.
- Environmental impacts included the loss of mangrove ecosystems.
What is the Shrimp Farms in Thailand.
•Reservoirs
•Redistribution
•Desalination plants
•Rainwater harvesting (large and small scale)
•More water efficient buildings and appliances
•Educate on water conservation (impose restrictions)
•Artificially recharge aquifers
These are all what?
Strategies for meeting increasing water demands
What are the main contributors to dead zones and HAB's? (what causes them? hint: it's not just 'nutrients'!)
Municipal and agricultural runoff with high levels of nutrients
Often mistaken for food by marine life, these tiny plastic particles are less than 5mm in size.
What are some human activities that affect the hydrological cycle?
- Agriculture
- Deforestation
- Urbanization
How much of the Earth's oceans are actually MPAs? What is the goal?
(Bonus: How old is Sir David Attenborough?)
Currently, less than 3%. The goal is 30% by 2030. (Just turned 100!)
300-380 Liters a day (or 80-100 gallons)
What is this measurement for?
Average Daily Water consumption per person in residential areas in the US in 2015
a type of "Harmful Algal Bloom" (HAB) caused by a rapid, dense explosion of microscopic algae in coastal waters, often turning the water red, green, or brown. These blooms produce powerful toxins that can kill marine life, cause respiratory irritation in humans, and contaminate shellfish. It is naturally occurring, but human influences have increased its abundance and frequency
Red tide (bonus points for scientific name)