Genes and Chromosomes
This is the number of chromosomes found in a human somatic cell.
What is 46?
Meiosis consists of two successive divisions named meiosis I and meiosis II, collectively resulting in this number of daughter cells from one parent cell.
What is four?
This is the tool used to determine the probable outcome of genetic crosses.
What is punnett square?
The formation of a new species from an existing species is known as this.
What is speciation?
This is the term for a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or a functional RNA.
What is a gene?
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are described by this term.
What is homozygous?
Meiosis produces cells for this type of reproduction.
What is sexual reproduction?
This term describes the physical characteristics that are expressed in an organism.
What are phenotypes?
This occurs when two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time, often due to close ecological interactions.
What is coevolution?
These are the genetic makeup of an organism; for example, TT or Tt.
What is genotype?
This term describes cells with half the number of chromosomes, typical of gametes.
This phase of meiosis involves the separation of homologous chromosomes.
What is anaphase 1?
These are alternative versions of a gene that account for variations in inherited characters.
What are alleles?
This term refers to the situation where different species may live in the same area, but properties of individuals prevent them from interbreeding.
What is reproductive isolation?
This term describes all the alleles of all the genes in a certain population.
What is gene pool?
This term describes the location of a gene on a chromosome.
What is locus?
This process involves the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids, increasing genetic variation.
What is crossing over?
This type of dominance occurs when the phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between those of the two homozygotes.
What is incomplete dominance?
This type of selection occurs when environmental pressure leads to a shift toward one extreme of a phenotypic trait.
What is directional selection?
This Austrian monk is known as the father of modern genetics for his experiments with pea plants.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
This technique allows for the amplification of small segments of DNA and is widely used in genetic engineering, forensics, and medical diagnosis.
What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
This genetic disorder characterized by an individual having an extra chromosome 21 is an example of an aneuploidy caused by nondisjunction.
What is down syndrome?
If two heterozygous individuals are crossed, this is the expected ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in their offspring.
What is 3:1?
This principle involves selecting individuals with average phenotypes, which often leads to a reduction in a population’s genetic variance.
What is stabilizing selection?
This phenomenon occurs when genes located close to each other on a chromosome are usually inherited together.
What is genetic linkage?