Paper 1
How many questions do you need to answer in a paper 1? How much time do you have?
4 questions (no 1a and b, just 1); 1 hour 15 minutes
5 minutes reading time (read q4 and sources); q1: 5 minutes; q2: 15 minutes; q3: 20 minutes; q4: 35 minutes
What do you have to do for paper 2?
The right to free speech is an example of this type of right.
Negative Right - requires others, especially governments, to refrain from interfering.
This broader concept of development goes beyond economic growth to include health, education, political freedoms, and quality of life.
human development
This type of power influences others through attraction, persuasion, and cultural appeal rather than force or coercion.
Soft Power
FALSE. Q1 is ONLY from the source.
BONUS: Which questions do you need information from your knowledge?
How much time do you have for paper 2?
1 hour 45 minutes
This core concept argues that all humans, by virtue of being human, are entitled to the same rights everywhere, regardless of their culture, government, or religion.
Universality
This theory argues that global inequalities are the result of historical exploitation by wealthy nations of poorer nations, maintaining a cycle of dependency.
Dependency Theory (Neo Marxist)
True or false: Hard power uses direct violence.
FALSE: not always. Economic hard power can focus on structural violence.
Q2 asks you to respond to a question with information from 1 source and your knowledge. Describe what this response should look like.
It should be 2 paragraphs: 1 responding with info from the source, 1 with info from your knowledge. Write in basic ACE paragraph form. Assert an answer to the question as a topic sentence.
The introduction to paper 2 should include the following:
Justify the issue in the question, broadly define key terms, thesis that response to the prompt with the words of the question and outlines your argument. Bonus if it outlines your counterargument.
The Grants Pass v. Johnson case demonstrates a tension between domestic sovereignty and this concept, which recognizes housing, food, and shelter as essential parts of a dignified life and links human rights to economic and social conditions.
Positive rights
Access to clean water, education for girls, and healthcare availability are examples of this kind of factors influencing development outcomes.
Social factors
The Montevideo Convention and the Westphalian Peace both define _______.
Traditional sovereignty.
Q4 is a short essay. Describe the evidence that you need to include in that short essay.
A topic sentence that identifies the specific argument/point of the paragraph. This should be clearly connected to the argument identified in the thesis.
This concept means that civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights are all equally important and cannot be fully realized without one another.
Indivisibility of rights (or, could be considered interdependence of rights)
This index, used by the UN, measures development based on life expectancy, education, and income per capita.
UN HDI (Human Development index)
State legitimacy (legitimacy of a leader/government to rule) focuses on the acceptance/consent of the governed. Identify sources of legitimacy.
Q3 asks you to COMPARE AND/OR CONTRAST 2 sources IN RESPONSE TO A QUESTION. Describe how you should structure this answer. AND, what is the acronym to help you identify points of difference and/or similarity
4 paragraphs. Each paragraph includes a specific point of comparison or contrast AND gives cited evidence from both sources.
PALETOT (perspective, actor, level of analysis, event, tone, origin, theme)
Write a 3 paragraph essay for second essay. Establish a strong introduction with an organized thesis. Write one body paragraph for and one body paragraph against the prompt.
The right of Indigenous groups to maintain their languages and cultural practices is an example of this type of right, which protects the shared identity and practices of a community rather than the freedoms of a single person.\
collective (3rd generation) rights
This concept, rooted in Indigenous Latin American worldviews, emphasizes living in harmony with nature and community well-being over individual material wealth, offering an alternative model of sustainable development.
Buen Vivir
True or False: A small country relies almost entirely on a single powerful nation for food imports, security guarantees, and financial aid, but the powerful nation does not rely much on the small country in return.
This is an example of interdependence.
FALSE - This is an example of DEPENDENCE. Interdependence focuses on mutual, shared benefits.
What should you do if you have 30 minutes left and you have 1 paragraph in question 3 finished?
Start question 4 - the essay.
When choosing paper 2 prompts, is it more important to choose a prompt that you think you have examples for or to choose a prompt that you know the concepts in the prompt well?
choose a prompt that you know the concepts in the prompt well
Sovereignty is a threat to human rights. Choose a side and argue this claim
Varied responses, but needs to connect to a defining feature of sovereignty.
Define traditional sovereignty under the Montevideo convention and the Westphalian Peace.
Defined borders, permanent population, monopoly on the use of force (control over the population inside borders), international recognition