Concepts
Latin American creoles opposed mercantilism because it limited this type of economic freedom.
What is free trade?
This formerly enslaved general led Haiti’s fight for independence.
Who is Toussaint L’Ouverture?
Ideas like liberty and equality from this movement inspired revolutions here and abroad.
What is the Enlightenment or Classical Liberalism?
Bolívar’s army had to cross this difficult terrain to surprise the Spanish.
What are the Andes Mountains?
After independence, many Latin American nations struggled with weak these.
What are governments or economies?
The caste system privileged this ethnic group above all others.
Who were the peninsulares?
This Cuban poet and revolutionary inspired the 1895 uprising against Spain.
Who is Jose Marti?
Bolívar earned this nickname after successfully retaking Caracas in 1813.
What is “El Libertador” (The Liberator)?
Brazil’s independence was unique because it was achieved mostly without this.
What is violence / war / bloodshed?
Cuba’s independence was limited because this country gained heavy influence after 1898.
What is the United States?
Classical liberalism emphasized this. (Only 1 needs to be correct, but name as many ideas as you can)
What is: individual or natural rights, representative government or popular sovereignty, free trade economics, rational thinking, rule of law, equality, and more.
This Mexican priest issued the “Grito de Dolores” to spark rebellion in 1810.
Who is Miguel Hidalgo?
Haiti’s revolution began as this type of revolt.
Some Latin American leaders were known for their diplomacy or negation skills, also called this type of method, to gain independence.
What is non-violence?
The new countries often remained dependent on exporting these goods.
What are cash crops or raw materials?
Leaders like Miguel Hidalgo appealed to a shared identity, a concept called this.
What is nativism?
Known as “The Liberator,” this Venezuelan-born leader dreamed of a united Latin America.
Who is Simón Bolívar?
This European invasion weakened control over Latin America and encouraged revolts.
What is Napoleon’s invasion of Spain and Portugal?
Cuban rebels used this form of fighting against Spanish troops.
What is guerrilla warfare?
Bolívar’s dream of a united South America failed due to this.
What is federalism or regionalism (weak central government)?
Bolívar believed that newly independent nations needed this kind of government structure to maintain unity and order.
What is a strong central government (or centralism)?
This man became Brazil’s first emperor after declaring independence from Portugal.
Who is Dom Pedro I?
This group in Mexico and South America were frustrated because they were excluded from top positions in government offices and the Church.
Who are the Creoles or Criollos?
Hidalgo’s forces used this symbol as a unifying banner.
What is the Virgin of Guadalupe?
Haiti faced economic hardship because other nations chose to do this.
What is embargo or refuse to recognize diplomatically?